Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change
Environmental refugees? Classifying human migrations caused by environmental change
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1015186001919
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bates, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bates, DC
环境难民与其他难民或其他移民有何不同？所有环境难民都一样吗？本文开发了一个分类来开始回答这些问题并促进未来关于环境难民的政策和研究。环境难民可能对移民决定拥有相当大的控制权，但这因环境破坏的类型而异。环境破坏的起源、意图和持续时间决定了难民的类型。遭受灾害和征用的难民对于环境变化是否会产生移民的控制能力有限。逐渐退化使“环境移民”能够决定他们将如何应对环境变化。
What distinguishes environmental refugees from other refugees-or other migrants? Are all environmental refugees alike? This essay develops a classification to begin to answer these questions and facilitate future policies and research on environmental refugees. Environmental refugees may have considerable control over the decision to migrate, but this varies by the type of environmental disruption. The origin, intention, and duration of environmental disruptions shape the type of refugee. Refugees from disasters and expropriations have limited control over whether environmental changes will produce migration. Gradual degradation allows "environmental emigrants" to determine how they will respond to environmental change.