Canines as sentinel species for assessing chronic exposures to air pollutants:: Part 2.: cardiac pathology
Canines as sentinel species for assessing chronic exposures to air pollutants:: Part 2.: cardiac pathology
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/61.2.356
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Devlin, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L;Gambling, TM;Devlin, RB
本研究的主要目的是通过光学和电子显微镜（LM，EM）评估在墨西哥城西南和东北大都市流浪的心脏组织（SWMMC，NEMMC）狗，并将他们的发现与3个污染较轻的城市进行比较（库埃尔纳瓦卡、特拉斯卡拉和Tuxpam），临床健康的杂种犬，包括109只来自高度污染的SWMMC和NEMMC，43只来自污染较轻的城市的狗进行了研究。居住在污染物水平较低的城市的狗很少或没有心脏异常。墨西哥城和库埃尔纳瓦卡犬表现出LM心肌改变，包括凋亡的肌细胞、内皮细胞和免疫效应细胞、脱颗粒肥大细胞伴左右心室和室间隔中分散的单核细胞灶，以及散布单核细胞的脂肪细胞簇。血管改变包括散在的多形核白细胞（PMN）边集和毛细血管中的微血栓，以及小静脉和小动脉血管。小静脉显示平滑肌细胞增生，小动脉血管显示中膜和外膜中颗粒物质（PM）沉积。无髓神经纤维可见神经内、外膜脱颗粒肥大细胞。电镜下心肌肥大细胞粗面内质网扩张丰富，分泌颗粒少。心肌毛细血管显示纤维蛋白沉积，其内皮细胞显示增加的管腔和近腔胞饮活性和形成的海葵样突起的内皮细胞进入管腔。注意到心肌结果、肺上皮和内皮病理学以及慢性炎性肺变化之间存在密切关系。暴露于环境空气污染物的狗中描述的心肌变化可能形成发展假设驱动的机制研究的基础，这些研究可能解释暴露于空气污染物的人的心血管发病率和死亡率增加的流行病学数据。
The principal objective of this study is to evaluate by light and electron microscopy (LM, EM) the heart tissues in stray southwest and northeast metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC, NEMMC) dogs and compare their findings to those from 3 less polluted cities (Cuernavaca, Tlaxcala, and Tuxpam), Clinically healthy mongrel dogs, including 109 from highly polluted SWMMC and NEMMC, and 43 dogs from less polluted cities were studied. Dogs residing in cities with lower levels of pollutants showed little or no cardiac abnormalities. Mexico City and Cuernavaca dogs exhibited LM myocardial alterations including apoptotic myocytes, endothelial and immune effector cells, degranulated mast cells associated with scattered foci of mononuclear cells in left and right ventricles and interventricular septum, and clusters of adipocytes interspersed with mononuclear cells. Vascular changes included scattered polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) margination and microthrombi in capillaries, and small venous and arteriolar blood vessels. Small veins exhibited smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, and arteriolar blood vessels showed deposition of particulate matter (PM) in the media and adventitia. Unmyelinated nerve fibers showed endoneural and epineural degranulated mast cells. EM examination of myocardial mast cells showed distended and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum with few secretory granules. Myocardial capillaries exhibited fibrin deposition and their endothelial cells displayed increased luminal and abluminal pinocytic activity and the formation of anemone-like protrusions of the endothelium into the lumen. A close association between myocardial findings, lung epithelial and endothelial pathology, and chronic inflammatory lung changes was noted. The myocardial changes described in dogs exposed to ambient air pollutants may form the basis for developing hypothesis-driven mechanistic studies that might explain the epidemiological data of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people exposed to air pollutants.