There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing
There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Greenberg, Zachary I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paap, Kenneth R.;Greenberg, Zachary I.
三项研究比较了双语者和单语者的 15 项执行处理 (EP) 指标。大多数指标将中性或一致的基线与需要 EP 的情况进行比较。对于每项措施，没有群体的主效应，并且条件的主效应非常显着。双语优势的关键标记，即组 x 条件交互作用，仅对一项指标显着，但其模式表明双语劣势。任务包括反眼跳（研究 1）、Simon（研究 1-3）、侧翼（研究 3）和颜色形状切换（研究 1-3）。两组在 Raven 高级矩阵测试（研究 3）中的表现相同。对组合数据的分析选择与父母教育水平精确匹配的子集或仅包括高度流利的双语者，显示了完全相同的结果模式。本研究再次证实的一个问题是，被认为是一项任务中特定执行过程指标的效应（例如侧翼任务中的抑制控制）常常不能预测相关任务中同一指标的个体差异（例如西蒙任务中的抑制控制）。缺乏一致的跨任务相关性破坏了对这些是领域通用能力的有效指标的解释。在最后的讨论中，基于对双语者的特殊语言要求，提出了假设双语在执行处理中的优势的基本原理。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Three studies compared bilinguals to monolinguals on 15 indicators of executive processing (EP). Most of the indicators compare a neutral or congruent baseline to a condition that should require EP. For each of the measures there was no main effect of group and a highly significant main effect of condition. The critical marker for a bilingual advantage, the Group x Condition interaction, was significant for only one indicator, but in a pattern indicative of a bilingual disadvantage. Tasks include antisaccade (Study 1), Simon (Studies 1-3), flanker (Study 3), and color-shape switching (Studies 1-3). The two groups performed identically on the Raven's Advanced Matrices test (Study 3). Analyses on the combined data selecting subsets that are precisely matched on parent's educational level or that include only highly fluent bilinguals reveal exactly the same pattern of results. A problem reconfirmed by the present study is that effects assumed to be indicators of a specific executive process in one task (e.g., inhibitory control in the flanker task) frequently do not predict individual differences in that same indicator on a related task (e.g., inhibitory control in the Simon task). The absence of consistent cross-task correlations undermines the interpretation that these are valid indicators of domain-general abilities. In a final discussion the underlying rationale for hypothesizing bilingual advantages in executive processing based on the special linguistic demands placed on bilinguals is interrogated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.