Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research
Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/su7078461
复制
发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
W. Paterson;R. Rushforth;B. Ruddell;M. Konar;Ikechukwu C. Ahams;J. Gironás;A. Mijić;A. Mejia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Paterson;R. Rushforth;B. Ruddell;M. Konar;Ikechukwu C. Ahams;J. Gironás;A. Mijić;A. Mejia
城市是商品消费的热点，对当地和系统的水资源都有影响。通过货物和服务的广泛跨境交换，水“虚拟”地流入和流出城市。虚拟水流和真实水流都受到供水投资和城市规划决策的影响，而供水投资和城市规划决策又会影响住宅、商业和工业发展。这种形式的水“远程联系”正日益被认为是水决策的一个重要方面。贸易和虚拟水流作为扩大城市“真实”供水的替代方案的作用很少得到承认，相反，重点放在单调扩大工程饮用水供应上。我们对水足迹研究进行了文献综述，以评估在城市规划和政策中考虑虚拟流动的潜力和重要性。我们比较和对比了现有的评估虚拟水流的方法。我们还确定并讨论了未来城市水足迹分析研究的优先事项。
Cities are hotspots of commodity consumption, with implications for both local and systemic water resources. Water flows “virtually” into and out of cities through the extensive cross-boundary exchange of goods and services. Both virtual and real water flows are affected by water supply investments and urban planning decisions, which influence residential, commercial, and industrial development. This form of water “teleconnection” is being increasingly recognized as an important aspect of water decision-making. The role of trade and virtual water flows as an alternative to expanding a city’s “real” water supply is rarely acknowledged, with an emphasis placed instead on monotonic expansion of engineering potable water supplies. We perform a literature review of water footprint studies to evaluate the potential and importance of taking virtual flows into account in urban planning and policy. We compare and contrast current methods to assess virtual water flows. We also identify and discuss priorities for future research in urban water footprint analysis.