Using Our Brains to Develop Better Policy
Using Our Brains to Develop Better Policy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01683.x
复制
发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bridges, Todd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linkov, Igor;Cormier, Susan;Bridges, Todd
当前政府实践中经常使用一种称为证据权重（WoE）的方法来整合和权衡不同来源的信息以做出决策。认知神经科学的最新进展已经确定了大脑中类似 WoE 的过程，我们相信这些进展有可能改善当前的决策实践。在本文中，我们描述了认知神经科学中出现的知识可以应用于管理风险的决策者所面临的挑战的五个具体领域：（1）量化证据，（2）比较不同证据来源的价值，（3）做出决策，（4）阐明主观性的作用，以及（5）适应新信息。我们认为，大脑是构建决策过程的合适模型，因为大脑网络是为复杂、灵活的决策而设计的，而且因为最终必须依赖于人类判断的政策决策最好通过补充人类能力的方法来实现。认知神经科学的未来发现可能会给决策实践带来进一步的应用。
Current governmental practices often use a method called weight of evidence (WoE) to integrate and weigh different sources of information in the process of reaching a decision. Recent advances in cognitive neuroscience have identified WoE-like processes in the brain, and we believe that these advances have the potential to improve current decision-making practices. In this article, we describe five specific areas where knowledge emerging from cognitive neuroscience may be applied to the challenges confronting decisionmakers who manage risks: (1) quantifying evidence, (2) comparing the value of different sources of evidence, (3) reaching a decision, (4) illuminating the role of subjectivity, and (5) adapting to new information. We believe that the brain is an appropriate model for structuring decision-making processes because the brain's network is designed for complex, flexible decision making, and because policy decisions that must ultimately depend on human judgment will be best served by methods that complement human abilities. Future discoveries in cognitive neuroscience will likely bring further applications to decision practice.