Intersystem Bias in GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS-3, and BDS-2 Integrated SPP: Characteristics and Performance Enhancement as a Priori Constraints
Intersystem Bias in GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS-3, and BDS-2 Integrated SPP: Characteristics and Performance Enhancement as a Priori Constraints
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GPS、GLONASS、Galileo、BDS-3 和 BDS-2 集成 SPP 中的系统间偏差：作为先验约束的特性和性能增强
DOI：
10.3390/rs13224650
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wujiao Dai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin Pan;Zhehao Zhang;Wenkun Yu;Wujiao Dai
近年来，全球卫星导航系统发展迅速，北斗系统（BDS-3/BDS-2）、伽利略系统、GPS系统、GLONASS系统等四种卫星导航系统的空间部分基本实现全面部署。单点定位（SPP）技术广泛应用于卫星导航和低精度定位，可以从多gnss集成中获益，但为了保证不同gnss之间的兼容性，需要引入额外的系统间偏差（ISB）参数。在本研究中，仔细地描述了由四系统集成SPP得到的ISB估计，并严格评估了在开放天空和受限能见度环境下通过预测位置解归因于先验ISB约束的性能增强。结果表明，北斗三号和北斗二号之间的ISB不可忽略。当遇到接收器类型的替换时，每日isb显示步骤变化，而接收器固件版本则不是这样。对于配备相同类型接收器的电台，每日isb大致一致。GLONASS、Galileo、BDS-2和BDS-3卫星的逐时ISBs相对于GPS的短期稳定性分别为2.335、1.262、1.741和1.532 ns，对应的日ISBs长期稳定性分别为1.258、1.288、2.713和2.566 ns。GLONASS、Galileo、BDS-2和BDS-3卫星的日isb相对于GPS的预报精度分别为1.055、0.640、1.242和0.849 ns。引入先验ISB约束后，在40°和50°高程掩模下，ISB预测时间跨度为一天，定位精度提高20%以上。在截止标高为50°的情况下，传统的四系统SPP的可用性仅为64.0%，而在考虑了先验ISB约束后，其可用性增加到约90.0%。为了完整起见，我们还研究了用低成本u-blox M8T接收机和小米Mi8智能手机估计的ISB特性，以及先验ISB约束对这些设备的多系统SPP解决方案的贡献。
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have been booming in recent years, and the space segment of all four of the GNSSs, including BDS (BDS-3/BDS-2), Galileo, GPS, and GLONASS, has almost been fully deployed at present. The single point positioning (SPP) technology, which is widely used in satellite navigation and low-accuracy positioning, can benefit from the multi-GNSS integration, but the additional intersystem bias (ISB) parameters should be introduced to ensure the compatibility among different GNSSs. In this study, the ISB estimates derived from four-system integrated SPP are carefully characterized, and the performance enhancement attributed to a priori ISB constraints by prediction for position solutions under open sky and constrained visibility environments is rigorously evaluated. The results indicate that the ISB between BDS-3 and BDS-2 cannot be ignored. The daily ISBs show step changes when encountering the replacement of receiver types, while it is not the case for the receiver firmware versions. The daily ISBs are roughly consistent for the stations equipped with the same type of receivers. The short-term stability of epochwise ISBs for GLONASS, Galileo, BDS-2, and BDS-3 with respect to GPS can be 2.335, 1.262, 1.741, and 1.532 ns, respectively, whereas the corresponding long-term stability for daily ISBs can be 1.258, 1.288, 2.713, and 2.566 ns, respectively. The single-day prediction accuracy of daily ISBs for GLONASS, Galileo, BDS-2, and BDS-3 with respect to GPS can be 1.055, 0.640, 1.242, and 0.849 ns, respectively. The improvements on positioning accuracy after introducing a priori ISB constraints can be over 20% at an elevation mask of 40° and 50° with a time span of ISB prediction of a day. As to the availability, it is only 64.0% for traditional four-system SPP under a cutoff elevation of 50°, while the corresponding availability is increased to approximately 90.0% after considering a priori ISB constraints. For completeness, the characteristics of ISBs estimated with the low-cost u-blox M8T receiver and the Xiaomi Mi8 smartphone as well as the contribution of a priori ISB constraints to the multisystem SPP solutions with these devices are also investigated.
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