A Comparison of the Location Strategies of U.S. and Japanese Multinationals in a View of Knowledge Spillovers
A Comparison of the Location Strategies of U.S. and Japanese Multinationals in a View of Knowledge Spillovers
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知识溢出视角下美日跨国公司区位战略比较
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Baba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Simon Y. Liu;Naohiro Shichijo;Y. Baba
考虑到跨国企业对外科研合作的重要性，我们考察了知识溢出的速度，并通过条件logit估计分析了跨国企业在华开展科研合作的区位策略。由于知识溢出与专利引用和外国直接投资（FDI）相关，我们通过对美国专利商标局专利数据和区域经济统计数据的分析发现，跨国公司研究合作者的地理分布与当地研发强度（专利存量）和外国直接投资强度（拥有外国直接投资的企业）的分布呈正相关。其他研究结果表明，日本跨国公司根据国家知识产权局专利存量的分布进行更紧密的合作，而美国跨国公司根据外国直接投资公司的分布进行更狭隘和更紧密的合作。研究结果进一步表明，跨国公司的区位战略不仅与内向知识溢出有关，而且与对外知识溢出有关，这主要体现在跨国公司在华研发强度和FDI强度的地理分布上。
Given the importance of external research collaboration for multinational enterprises (MNEs), we examine the pace of knowledge spillovers and analyze MNEs’ location strategies for research collaboration in China by doing conditional logit estimation. As knowledge spillovers are associated with patent citations and foreign direct investments (FDIs), we find, by analysis of USPTO patent data and statistical data of regional economy, that the geographical distribution of MNEs’ research collaborators is positively associated with the distributions of local R&D intensity (patent stock) and FDI intensity (firms with FDI). Other results suggest that Japanese MNEs collaborate more closely based on the distribution of SIPO patent stock, while U.S. MNEs collaborate more narrowly and closely based on the distribution of firms with FDI. The findings further illustrate that MNEs’ location strategies are associated with not only inward knowledge spillovers but also outward knowledge spillovers in terms of geographical R&D intensity and FDI intensity in China.