T AND TN, GENERAL CARCINOMA AUTO-ANTIGENS
T AND TN, GENERAL CARCINOMA AUTO-ANTIGENS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/science.6729450
复制
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
SPRINGER, GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SPRINGER, GF
原发性和转移性癌起源于上皮，并且构成迄今为止人类中最大的恶性肿瘤组。在大多数这些肿瘤中，T和Tn抗原，其表位已经合成，是未覆盖和免疫反应性。在所有其他组织中，T和Tn抗原被掩蔽，不能进入免疫系统;它们通常是正常复杂碳水化合物链的前体。因此，癌具有被患者的免疫系统识别为外来的抗原。T和Tn抗原的表达具有致病性和临床后果，并且抗原本身是肿瘤诊断和预后的强有力的组织学标志物。大多数患者将他们的癌细胞与所有其他细胞区分开来，如对T抗原的强烈自身免疫反应所示。这些反应很容易通过测定来测量，并且它们允许以更高的灵敏度和特异性检测癌症，通常比以前可能的更早。此外，T和Tn表达的程度往往与癌分化相关;在分子水平上，癌细胞表面聚集的T-和Tn-活性结构可能参与侵袭。
Primary and metastatic carcinomas are epithelial in origin and comprise by far the largest group of malignant tumors in humans. In most of these tumors, T and Tn antigens, whose epitopes have been synthesized, are uncovered and immunoreactive. In all other tissues T and Tn antigens are masked and not accessible to the immune system; they are generally precursors in normal complex carbohydrate chains. Thus, carcinomas have antigens recognized as foreign by the patients' immune system. The expression of T and Tn antigens has pathogenic and clinical consequences, and the antigens themselves are powerful histological markers in carcinoma diagnosis and frequently in prognosis. Most patients distinguish their carcinoma from all other cells, as shown by strong autoimmune responses to T antigen. These responses are readily measured by assays, and they allow detection of carcinomas with greater sensitivity and specificity frequently earlier than previously possible. Moreover, the extent of T and Tn expression often correlates with carcinoma differentiation; on a molecular level, clustered T- and Tn-active structures on carcinoma cell surfaces may be involved in invasion.