Revisiting Kurt Lewin - How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors
Revisiting Kurt Lewin - How to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.016
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kremers, Stef P. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brug, Johannes;van Lenthe, Frank J.;Kremers, Stef P. J.
超重和肥胖是人口健康的重要决定因素。预防体重增加取决于饮食和身体活动行为的成功平衡。有计划地促进健康行为需要深入了解行为变化的重要和可变的决定因素和相关因素。健康教育的适度影响已经引起了从个人到环境相关的饮食和体力活动behaviors.Six系统评价的重点转移，在2005年进行的观察性研究的环境相关性和环境干预的体重相关的饮食行为和体力活动的儿童，青少年和成人。对297项观察性研究的回顾表明，很少有环境关联的调查被重复，大多数研究使用了薄弱的研究设计和未经验证的自我报告措施，仅限于微观环境因素，未能应用多级分析。因此，很少有证据表明环境因素与体重相关行为之间存在联系。然而，对112项干预研究的回顾表明，微观物理和社会文化环境变化对饮食和体育活动行为产生积极影响的证据要强得多。受库尔特·卢因的启发，我们认为，在大规模的环境变化干预措施启动之前，更好地设计和进行环境因素（包括宏观因素）的真正重要性的研究，肥胖行为的改变是必要的。这样的研究应该（1）开发更好的环境暴露措施，（2）尝试整合个人和环境致胖行为的相关性，（3）采取面向解决方案的方法，而不是面向问题的方法，（4）确定诱导行为改变的切入点，而不是为现有的行为模式寻找解释。(Am J Prev Med 2006;31（6）：525-529）（c）2006年美国预防医学杂志
Overweight and obesity are important determinants of population health. Prevention of weight gain is dependent on the successful balancing of eating and physical activity behaviors. Planned promotion of healthful behavior requires insights into important and changeable determinants and correlates of behavior change. The modest effects of health education have induced a shift in focus from personal to environmental correlated of eating and physical activity behaviors.Six systematic reviews were conducted in 2005 of observational studies of environmental correlates and environmental interventions for weight-related eating behaviors and physical activity for children, adolescents, and adults. The reviews of 297 observational studies showed that few investigations of environmental associations have been replicated, and that most studies used weak research designs and nonvalidated self-report measures, were restricted to micro-environmental factors, and failed to apply multilevel analyses. There is, therefore, very little evidence for an association between environmental factors and weight-related behaviors. However, the reviews of 112 intervention studies indicated much stronger evidence for positive effects of micro-physical and sociocultural environmental changes on eating and physical activity behaviors.Inspired by quotes from Kurt Lewin, we argue that before large-scale environmental change interventions are launched, better-designed and -conducted research on the true importance of environmental factors, including macrolevel factors, for obesogenic behavioral change is needed. Such research should (1) develop better measures of environmental exposure, (2) attempt to integrate personal and environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors, (3) take a solution-oriented, rather then a problem-oriented approach, and (4) identify access points for inducing behavior change instead of finding explanations for existing behavioral patterns. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31(6):525-529) (c) 2006 American Journal of Preventive Medicine