Signalling in a mutualistic interaction
Signalling in a mutualistic interaction
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1996.0178
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Hoffman, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Axen, AH;Leimar, O;Hoffman, V
在种间互惠关系中，合作伙伴的成本和收益可以从一次互动到下一次互动，或者在互动过程中随时间而变化，这可能会影响互惠的贡献。这种灵活的行为反应在调节相互作用方面可能很重要。合作伙伴也可以为了相互影响的目的而进行特别调整。例如，一个人可能表示需要伙伴提供的服务。在灰蝶幼虫和蚂蚁之间的相互作用中，幼虫从一个专门的腺体中输送营养液滴，作为回报，蚂蚁保护它们免受敌人的攻击。灰蝶幼虫有几种与蚂蚁有关的适应性，其中之一是一对可翻转的触手器官。本研究通过多个实验研究了蚂蚁的触角展示、液滴传递和蚂蚁参与之间的关系。黄蚁被操纵。在第一次接触蚂蚁时，在出勤中断后，以及在模拟敌人攻击后，出勤率低时，发现液滴输送和触角显示率都很高。在稳态条件下，显示器是最频繁的低水平的出席，但液滴输送有一个最大的中间水平。对幼虫使用触手的能力的操纵也表明，蚂蚁通过增加它们的出现来对触手的展示做出反应。幼虫的行为被解释为旨在调节，出席蚂蚁的数量。(C)1996年动物行为研究协会
The costs and benefits for partners in interspecific, mutualistic relationships can vary from one interaction to the next, or change with time during an interaction, which might influence the mutualistic contributions. Such flexible behavioural responses could be important in regulating the interaction. Partners could also have special adaptations for the purpose of influencing each other. An individual might, for instance, signal its need for the services provided by the partner. In interactions between lycaenid butterfly larvae and ants, the larvae deliver nutritious droplets from a specialized gland and, in return, are protected from enemy attacks by the ants. Lycaenid larvae have several ant-related adaptations, one being a pair of eversible tentacular organs. In this study, the relationships between tentacle display, the delivery of droplets and ant attendance were investigated in a number of experiments, where the interaction between larvae of Polyommatus icarus and either Lasius niger or L. flavus ants was manipulated. High rates of both droplet delivery and tentacle display were found at the first contact with ants, after an interruption in attendance and, for low levels of attendance, after a simulated enemy attack. Under steady state conditions, displays were most frequent at low levels of attendance, but droplet delivery had a maximum at intermediate levels. Manipulation of a larva's ability to use its tentacles also showed that ants respond to tentacle display by increasing their attendance. Larval behaviour was interpreted as aimed at regulating the, number of attending ants. (C) 1996 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour