The classical dynamics of gauge theories in the deep infrared
The classical dynamics of gauge theories in the deep infrared
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深红外规范理论的经典动力学
DOI：
10.1007/jhep05(2023)185
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Shehzad, Ibrahim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flanagan, Éanna É.;Shehzad, Ibrahim
在渐近平坦的环境中，规范和引力理论拥有无穷多个与在无穷远处非平凡的大规范变换或规范同态相关的守恒电荷。在这些理论中，这些电荷在多大程度上限制了散射？在文献中已经声称，由于硬和软扇区的解耦，保守电荷仅约束软扇区中的动态，因此约束是微不足道的。我们表明，这种解耦的参数失败，由于失败在无限维的辛几何的属性，在有限维。专门电磁耦合到四维闵可夫斯基时空中的无质量带电标量场，我们明确表明，这两个部门总是耦合使用微扰经典计算的散射映射。具体而言，虽然两个扇区在低阶解耦，但它们通过电磁记忆效应在四阶耦合。这种耦合不能通过调整硬扇区和软扇区的定义（包括修饰硬自由度的经典模拟）来消除。我们的结论是保守的费用产生非平凡的限制散射的硬自由度。这个结论也适用于引力散射和黑洞的形成和蒸发。
Gauge and gravitational theories in asymptotically flat settings possess infinitely many conserved charges associated with large gauge transformations or diffeomorphisms that are nontrivial at infinity. To what extent do these charges constrain the scattering in these theories? It has been claimed in the literature that the constraints are trivial, due to a decoupling of hard and soft sectors for which the conserved charges constrain only the dynamics in the soft sector. We show that the argument for this decoupling fails due to the failure in infinite dimensions of a property of symplectic geometry which holds in finite dimensions. Specializing to electromagnetism coupled to a massless charged scalar field in four dimensional Minkowski spacetime, we show explicitly that the two sectors are always coupled using a perturbative classical computation of the scattering map. Specifically, while the two sectors are uncoupled at low orders, they are coupled at quartic order via the electromagnetic memory effect. This coupling cannot be removed by adjusting the definitions of the hard and soft sectors (which includes the classical analog of dressing the hard degrees of freedom). We conclude that the conserved charges yield nontrivial constraints on the scattering of hard degrees of freedom. This conclusion should also apply to gravitational scattering and to black hole formation and evaporation.
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