Particulate Products: Tailoring Properties for Optimal Performance
Particulate Products: Tailoring Properties for Optimal Performance
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颗粒产品：定制特性以获得最佳性能
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
G. Meesters
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作者：
H. Merkus;G. Meesters
工业颗粒产品种类繁多。这些产品的质量和性能以及它们的生产加工取决于颗粒成分和产品加工的特性。这些特性的选择应与产品质量方面直接相关。测量数据应能够区分不同的产品质量，测量质量应足够。在过去的几十年里，测量技术得到了极大的扩展和分化，质量也得到了极大的提高。本书的主题是为各种商业产品设计和选择最佳颗粒特性。它的目标是改善未来的产品开发。本章介绍了产品类型、颗粒特性与产品性能的相关性、优化产品开发和设计的方案和统计工具以及与产品质量相关的首选颗粒特性。H.G. Merkus（*）已退休副教授，德尔夫特科技大学，Park Berkenoord 30，Pijnacker 2641 CZ，The Netherlands电子邮件：www.example.com G.M.H. Meesters DSM Food Specialities，德尔夫特理工大学，Alexander Fleminglaan 1，2613 AX德尔夫特1，德尔夫特2600 MA，The Netherlands电子邮件：gabrie. meesters@www.example.com H.G. Merkus和G.M.H. Meesters（eds.），颗粒产品：为最佳性能定制特性，颗粒技术系列19，DOI 10.1007/978 - 3 - 319 - 00714 - 4_1，© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 1 1.1本书的目的颗粒产品约占所有化学产品的80%。颗粒特性对其质量和性能起着至关重要的作用。这类产品的设计是本书的主题。它可以用于改进现有产品，也可以用于设计新产品。通常，颗粒产品由几种成分组成。颗粒成分不仅是固体颗粒，而且它们包括与其周围环境具有相位差异的所有实体。因此，考虑的产品包括干粉混合物、悬浮液、乳剂和乳膏（不混溶液体中的液滴），喷雾（气体中的液滴）和泡沫（液体或固体材料中的气泡）等。最终产品中的其他成分用于与稠度、稳定性、味道、气味这本书的主要目的是指导商业产品中颗粒成分的颗粒特性的优化设计，这些颗粒特性与加工过程中和最终产品所需的性能特性有关。这样的设计始于对各种性能方面的良好识别以及对它们与颗粒特性（即，颗粒尺寸分布（PSD）、颗粒形状、孔隙率和/或zeta电位）的关系的理解。最佳特性参数的选择需要这样的知识，与期望的性能任务以及成分和产品的适当规格有关。由于几乎没有关于颗粒产品基本参数选择的出版物，我们请多位专家就各种重要颗粒产品的这一主题撰写了一章。我们相信，他们的观点将为复合颗粒产品的不同基本特性提供可用的见解。它们的案文清楚地表明了在不同产品领域采取的不同办法。这可能有助于更好地了解所有产品领域的挑战。对良好产品质量的进一步要求是可以以足够的精度、灵敏度和分辨率测量颗粒参数。除了产品的信息，一个单独的章节。第三章介绍了一些主要的参数测量技术。它包括采样质量、分散质量和测量质量。在本章的下一节中，将说明颗粒特性与产品行为的相关性以及产品设计和开发的方法。1.2颗粒特性与产品质量的相关性产品质量可以通过不同的方式进行识别。一个简单的定义是“符合产品规格”。然而，这些规格远不足以涵盖所有性能方面。此外，还制定了更广泛的定义，可以合并为："一种产品的全部特征和特性，这些特征和特性关系到该产品满足2H.G. Merkus和G.M.H.梅斯特斯
There is a great variety of industrial particulate products. Quality and performance of such products as well as their production processing depend upon the characteristics of the particulate ingredients and of product processing. These characteristics should be selected with due care in direct relation to product quality aspects. Measured data should be capable to discriminate between different product qualities, and the measurement quality should be sufficient. The last decades have shown a vast expansion and differentiation of measurement techniques as well as strong improvement of their quality. The design and selection of optimum particle characteristics for a variety of commercial products is the subject of this book. Its goal is to improve future product development. This chapter gives an introduction on product types, relevance of particle characteristics for product performance, schemes and statistical tools for optimum product development and design, and preferred particle characteristics in relation to product quality. H.G. Merkus (*) Retired Associate Professor, Delft University of Technology, Park Berkenoord 30, Pijnacker 2641 CZ, The Netherlands e-mail: henkmerkus@hetnet.nl G.M.H. Meesters DSM Food Specialities, Delft University of Technology, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft 1, Delft 2600 MA, The Netherlands e-mail: gabrie.meesters@DSM.com H.G. Merkus and G.M.H. Meesters (eds.), Particulate Products: Tailoring Properties for Optimal Performance, Particle Technology Series 19, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-00714-4_1, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 1 1.1 Objective of This Book Particulate products make up around 80 % of all chemical products. Particle characteristics play an essential role in their quality and performance. The design of such products is the subject of this book. It can be used for improving existing products as well as for designing new products. Often, particulate products are composed of several ingredients. The particulate ingredients are not only solid particles, but they include all entities that have a difference in phase with their surroundings. Thus, products for consideration include dry powder mixtures, suspensions, emulsions and creams (liquid droplets in an immiscible liquid), sprays (droplets in gas) and foams (gas bubbles in a liquid or a solid material), etc. The other ingredients in the final products serve goals related to consistency, stability, taste, smell, etc. Themain objective of this book is to guide optimumdesign of particle characteristics of particulate ingredients in commercial products in relation to the required performance characteristics, both during processing and for the final product. Such designs start with good identification of the various performance aspects and understanding of their relationships with particle characteristics, viz. particle size distributions (PSD), particle shape, porosity and/or zeta-potential. The choice of optimum characteristic parameters requires such knowledge, in relation to desired performance tasks as well as for adequate specifications of both ingredients and products. Since very little seems to be published on the basic parameter choices to be made for particulate products, we asked various experts to write a chapter on this subject for a variety of important particulate products. We trust that their views will provide the available insight in the different, essential characteristics of composed particulate products. Their texts clearly show the different approaches taken in different product areas. This may lead to better understanding of the challenges in all product fields. A further requirement for good product quality is that the particle parameters can be measured with sufficient precision, sensitivity and resolution. In addition to the information given for the products, a separate Chap. 3 deals with some major techniques for measurement of the parameters. It includes the quality of sampling, dispersion and measurement. In the next sections of this introductory chapter, the relevance of particle characteristics for product behavior and methods for product design and development are illustrated. 1.2 Relevance of Particle Characteristics for Product Quality Product quality can be identified in different ways. A simple definition is “Conformance to product specifications”. Such specifications, however, are far from always sufficient to cover all performance aspects. Also, broader definitions have been formulated, which can be combined in: “The totality of features and characteristics of a product that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied expectations, needs and requirements of 2 H.G. Merkus and G.M.H. Meesters