Differential Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Attention on Sensory Tuning
Differential Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Attention on Sensory Tuning
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0892-21.2021
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发表时间：
2022-02-16
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Carrasco, Marisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandez, Antonio;Okun, Sara;Carrasco, Marisa
内隐空间注意力（没有同时的眼球运动）可以提高许多视觉任务的表现（例如，方向辨别和视觉搜索）。然而，这两个内隐注意系统内源性（自愿）和外源性（非自愿）-表现出不同的影响，在任务介导的空间和时间分辨率，建议一个潜在的机制差异。我们研究了这些差异是否体现在感官调谐评估是否以及如何内源性和外源性的注意差异改变两个基本的视觉维度的代表性方向和空间频率（SF）。同样的人类观察者在两个独立的实验中检测到嵌入噪声中的光栅（内源性或外源性注意力提示）。反向相关被用来从行为反应中推断潜在的神经表征，我们通过注意力的归一化模型将我们的结果与已建立的神经计算联系起来。内源性和外源性的注意力同样提高了性能，在出席的位置，通过提高增益的所有方向，而不改变调谐宽度。在SF维度上，内源性注意增强了目标SF之上和之下的SF的获得，而外源性注意仅增强了目标SF之上的SF。此外，外源性注意力转移高峰敏感性SF以上的目标SF，而内源性注意力没有。这两个内隐注意系统通过相同的计算（增益变化）调制感官调谐。不过，收益的强弱也有区别。与内源性注意相比，外源性注意具有更强的方向增益增强，但总体SF增益增强较弱。这些差异的感觉调谐可能是内在的和外源性的注意对性能的差异影响的基础。
Covert spatial attention (without concurrent eye movements) improves performance in many visual tasks (e.g., orientation discrimination and visual search). However, both covert attention systems-endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary)-exhibit differential effects on performance in tasks mediated by spatial and temporal resolution suggesting an underlying mechanistic difference. We investigated whether these differences manifest in sensory tuning by assessing whether and how endogenous and exogenous attention differentially alter the representation of two basic visual dimensions-orientation and spatial frequency (SF). The same human observers detected a grating embedded in noise in two separate experiments (with endogenous or exogenous attention cues). Reverse correlation was used to infer the underlying neural representation from behavioral responses, and we linked our results to established neural computations via a normalization model of attention. Both endogenous and exogenous attention similarly improved performance at the attended location by enhancing the gain of all orientations without changing tuning width. In the SF dimension, endogenous attention enhanced the gain of SFs above and below the target SF, whereas exogenous attention only enhanced those above. Additionally, exogenous attention shifted peak sensitivity to SFs above the target SF, whereas endogenous attention did not. Both covert attention systems modulated sensory tuning via the same computation (gain changes). However, there were differences in the strength of the gain. Compared with endogenous attention, exogenous attention had a stronger orientation gain enhancement but a weaker overall SF gain enhancement. These differences in sensory tuning may underlie differential effects of endogenous and exogenous attention on performance.