Genetic diversity and evolution of retroviruses.
Genetic diversity and evolution of retroviruses.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-77011-1_10
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
John M. Coffin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John M. Coffin
逆转录病毒是脊椎动物中分布最广、可能是最具生物多样性的感染性病原体之一。几乎所有的哺乳动物--以及一些鸟类、爬行动物和鱼类--在经过足够仔细的检查后都会产生传染性逆转录病毒。在一个物种内，分离出的病毒可以表现出相当多样化的生物学特性。例如，在一组密切相关的小鼠白血病病毒中，发现了不同的病原体：用于感染的受体不同；遗传(作为内源性生殖系前病毒)到水平和垂直(通过牛奶或宫内感染)的传播方式不同；致病性从良性到高度毒力；从各种潜伏期不同的恶性肿瘤到免疫缺陷、贫血、神经疾病和其他疾病。
Retroviruses are one of the most widespread and probably the most biologically diverse group of infectious agents of vertebrates. Virtually all mammals—as well as some birds, reptiles, and fish—have yielded infectious retroviruses when examined sufficiently closely. Within a species, the viruses isolated can display considerable diversity of biological properties. For example, within the group of closely related murine leukemia viruses are found agents which differ in receptors used for infection; in mode of transmission for genetic (as endogenous germline proviruses) to horizontal and vertical (via milk or infection in utero); in pathogenicity from benign to highly virulent; and in disease spectrum from a variety of malignancies of varying latency to immunodeficiencies, anemias, neurological diseases, and others.