Do people know how they behave? Self-reported act frequencies compared with on-line codings by observers
Do people know how they behave? Self-reported act frequencies compared with on-line codings by observers
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1337
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Robins, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gosling, SD;John, OP;Robins, RW
行为行为构成了人际感知的基石，也是推断人格特质的基础。观察者对个体在特定情况下的行为进行编码的可靠性如何？这些行为的回顾性自我报告有多有效？参与者在小组讨论任务中互动，然后报告他们的行为频率，随后由观察员从录像带中编码。对于每一个行为，观察者的协议，自我观察者的协议，自我增强的偏见进行了检查。研究结果表明：（a）不同行为之间的一致性差异很大;（B）这种差异的大部分可以从行为的属性（可观察性、基本比率、可取性、大五域）中预测出来;（c）平均而言，自我报告被正向扭曲;（d）这对自恋的个体来说尤其如此。讨论的重点是行为，特质，社会知觉和行为频率的方法研究的影响。
Behavioral acts constitute the building blocks of interpersonal perception and the basis for inferences about personality traits. How reliably can observers code the acts individuals perform in a specific situation? How valid are retrospective self-reports of these acts? Participants interacted in a group discussion task and then reported their act frequencies, which were later coded by observers from videotapes. For each act, observer-observer agreement, self-observer agreement, and self-enhancement bias were examined. Findings show that (a) agreement varied greatly across acts; (b) much of this variation was predictable from properties of the acts (observability, base rate, desirability, Big Five domain); (c) on average, self-reports were positively distorted; and (d) this was particularly true for narcissistic individuals. Discussion focuses on implications for research on acts, traits, social perception, and the act frequency approach.