RESPONSES TO DEPRESSION AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE DURATION OF DEPRESSIVE EPISODES
RESPONSES TO DEPRESSION AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE DURATION OF DEPRESSIVE EPISODES
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569
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发表时间：
1991-11-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
NOLENHOEKSEMA, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NOLENHOEKSEMA, S
我认为，人们对自己抑郁症状的反应方式会影响这些症状的持续时间。那些对抑郁症做出沉思反应的人，专注于他们的症状以及他们症状的可能原因和后果，比那些采取行动分散自己注意力的人表现出更长的抑郁症。反刍反应延长抑郁，因为它们允许抑郁情绪消极地偏向思维，干扰工具性行为和解决问题。直接检验这一理论的实验室和实地研究支持了它的预测。我将讨论如何应对风格可以解释更大的可能性抑郁症的女性比男性。然后将反应风格理论与离散事件应对研究相结合。将反应方式理论与抑郁持续时间的其他理论进行比较。最后，我建议什么可以帮助一个抑郁的人停止陷入沉思的反应，以及如何应对抑郁症的风格可能会发展。
I propose that the ways people respond to their own symptoms of depression influence the duration of these symptoms. People who engage in ruminative responses to depression, focusing on their symptoms and the possible causes and consequences of their symptoms, will show longer depressions than people who take action to distract themselves from their symptoms. Ruminative responses prolong depression because they allow the depressed mood to negatively bias thinking and interfere with instrumental behavior and problem-solving. Laboratory and field studies directly testing this theory have supported its predictions. I discuss how response styles can explain the greater likelihood of depression in women than men. Then I intergrate this response styles theory with studies of coping with discrete events. The response styles theory is compared to other theories of the duration of depression. Finally, I suggest what may help a depressed person to stop engaging in ruminative responses and how response styles for depression may develop.