Control of variation by reward probability.
Control of variation by reward probability.
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通过奖励概率控制变异。
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.30.4.271
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Roberts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Afshin Gharib;C. Gade;S. Roberts
在老鼠身上进行的两个横杆按压实验测试了这样一条规则，即降低对奖励的期望会增加奖励选择的变化。实验一采用随机间隔的离散试验计划，试验由光或声音发出信号。一个信号总是以奖励结束；另一个信号以奖励结束的情况较少。这两个信号被随机混合。按杆持续时间(杆被压下的时间)在信号期间变化较大，奖励的概率较低。实验2与实验1非常相似，但使用的是随机比率时间表，而不是随机间隔时间表。同样，压杆持续时间在信号期间变化更大，奖励的概率更低。结果支持了这一规则--这是第一次这样做的受控比较。
Two bar-press experiments with rats tested the rule that reducing expectation of reward increases the variation from which reward selects. Experiment 1 used a discrete-trial random-interval schedule, with trials signaled by light or sound. One signal always ended with reward; the other signal ended with reward less often. The 2 signals were randomly mixed. Bar-press duration (how long the bar was held down) varied more during the signal with the lower probability of reward. Experiment 2 closely resembled Experiment 1 but used a random-ratio schedule rather than a random-interval schedule. Again, bar-press duration varied more during the signal with the lower probability of reward. The results support the rule--the first well-controlled comparisons to do so.