Cortical thickness increases after simultaneous interpretation training
Cortical thickness increases after simultaneous interpretation training
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.008
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Golestani, Narly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hervais-Adelman, Alexis;Moser-Mercer, Barbara;Golestani, Narly
同声传译是一项复杂的认知任务，不仅需要多语种的语言处理，而且还需要应用极端水平的领域一般认知控制。我们使用MRI纵向测量同声传译学员的皮质厚度之前和之后的硕士课程在会议口译。我们将他们与在相同时间间隔扫描的多语言控制参与者进行了比较。皮质厚度的增加是特定于实习口译员。在参与较低级别语音处理的区域（左后上级颞回、前缘上回和颞平面）、命题语音的较高级别表达区域（右角回）和将工作记忆中的项目转换为序列的区域（右背侧运动前皮层），以及一般执行控制和注意力的区域（右顶叶），观察到了增加。调查结果是一致的同声传译的语言要求，也与更普遍的认知需求的注意力控制的同声传译专家的表现。我们的研究结果也可能反映了同声传译培训的有益的，潜在的保护作用，这已经被证明可以增强某些执行和注意力领域的技能，超过双语能力。
Simultaneous interpretation is a complex cognitive task that not only demands multilingual language processing, but also requires application of extreme levels of domain-general cognitive control. We used MRI to longitudinally measure cortical thickness in simultaneous interpretation trainees before and after a Master's program in conference interpreting. We compared them to multilingual control participants scanned at the same interval of time. Increases in cortical thickness were specific to trainee interpreters. Increases were observed in regions involved in lower-level, phonetic processing (left posterior superior temporal gyrus, anterior supramarginal gyrus and planum temporale), in the higher-level formulation of propositional speech (right angular gyrus) and in the conversion of items from working memory into a sequence (right dorsal premotor cortex), and finally, in domain-general executive control and attention (right parietal lobule). Findings are consistent with the linguistic requirements of simultaneous interpretation and also with the more general cognitive demands on attentional control for expert performance in simultaneous interpreting. Our findings may also reflect beneficial, potentially protective effects of simultaneous interpretation training, which has previously been shown to confer enhanced skills in certain executive and attentional domains over and above those conferred by bilingualism.