Sex Differences in Subjective Responses To Moderate Versus Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.
Sex Differences in Subjective Responses To Moderate Versus Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.
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对中度和极低尼古丁含量香烟的主观反应存在性别差异。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntx205
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kunkle,Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Perkins,KennethA;Karelitz,JoshuaL;Kunkle,Nicole
简介男性和女性对吸烟的急性知觉反应可能有不同的敏感度，尼古丁含量（“剂量”）不同，但与非尼古丁成分相匹配。方法依赖性成年吸烟者（43 M，31 F）从 Spectrum 研究香烟中控制抽吸四口，尼古丁含量适中（16-17 mg/g）或极低（0.4 mg/g），并与“焦油”相匹配。为了确保可靠的反应，在盲法条件下，每支香烟以随机顺序单独服用五次，在隔夜戒烟后的 2.5 小时疗程中，每 15 分钟提供一种或另一种香烟。每吸一支烟后，对主观感受（例如“满意”、“尼古丁含量”）进行评分。结果正如预期的那样，主观评分因香烟尼古丁含量而有所不同，而且男性和女性之间也存在差异。不同性别的尼古丁含量的相互作用对于大多数对香烟的主观看法具有显着性，因为多变量分析表明，尼古丁含量引起的差异对于男性来说非常显着（p < .001），但对于女性来说只有边缘（p = .08）。 结论 相对于男性，女性对急性吸烟的主观反应对香烟尼古丁含量差异不太敏感。据我们所知，这是首次对严格控制的吸烟尼古丁剂量的性别差异进行比较。进一步的研究应该检查其他吸烟和非吸烟方法的尼古丁剂量可能存在的性别差异，以及这些差异在依赖吸烟开始和戒烟期间的发展模式。 意义 男性和女性对吸烟尼古丁含量不同的卷烟的主观看法是不同的。研究香烟的这些结果与通过其他方式仔细给药尼古丁的其他研究相似，支持这样的观点：相对于男性，女性在急性吸烟中对药理学因素不太敏感，对非药理学因素更敏感。未来的研究有必要检查通过吸烟以及通过其他吸烟和非吸烟方法管理尼古丁剂量的控制尼古丁摄入量的其他反应的性别差异。
IntroductionMen and women may be differentially sensitive to the acute perceptual responses to smoking cigarettes that vary in nicotine content (“dose”) but are matched on non-nicotine constituents.MethodsDependent adult smokers (43 M, 31 F) took four controlled puffs from Spectrum research cigarettes that were moderate (16–17 mg/g) or very low (0.4 mg/g) in nicotine content, and matched on “tar.” To ensure reliable responses, each cigarette was administered singly five times in random order under blind conditions, with one or the other provided every 15 minutes over a 2.5-hour session following overnight abstinence. Subjective perceptions (eg, “satisfying”, “how much nicotine”) were rated after each cigarette.ResultsSubjective ratings differed due to cigarette nicotine content, as expected, and did so differentially between men and women. The interaction of nicotine content by sex was significant for most rated subjective perceptions of the cigarette, as multivariate analyses showed that differences due to nicotine content were highly significant for men (p< .001) but only marginal for women (p= .08).ConclusionsRelative to men, women’s subjective responses to acute smoking are less sensitive to differences in cigarette nicotine content. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of sex differences in response to very carefully controlled doses of smoked nicotine per se. Further research should examine possible sex differences in nicotine dosing administered by other smoked and nonsmoked methods, as well as the developmental pattern of these differences during onset and during cessation of dependent smoking.ImplicationsSubjective perceptions of smoking cigarettes varying in nicotine contents differ between men and women. These results with research cigarettes are similar to other studies with carefully dosed nicotine administration by other means, supporting the notion that women, relative to men, are less sensitive to pharmacological factors and more sensitive to nonpharmacological factors in acute cigarette smoking. Future studies are warranted to examine sex differences in other responses to controlled nicotine intake via smoking, and via other smoked and nonsmoked methods of administering nicotine doses.