New bounds on the condition number of the Hessian of the preconditioned variational data assimilation problem

New bounds on the condition number of the Hessian of the preconditioned variational data assimilation problem
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预条件变分数据同化问题Hessian条件数的新界

DOI:
10.1002/nla.2405
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Tabeart J
Tabeart J
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tabeart J

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数据同化算法结合联合收割机的先验和观测信息,加权各自的不确定性,以获得最可能的后验动力系统。在变分资料同化中,后验是通过求解非线性最小二乘问题来计算的。许多数值天气预报(NWP)中心使用全观测误差协方差(OEC)加权矩阵,这会减慢数据同化过程的收敛速度。以前的工作揭示了OEC矩阵的最小特征值的调节和非预处理的数据同化问题的收敛的重要性。在这篇文章中,我们研究使用相关的OEC矩阵的预处理数据同化问题的第一次。我们考虑的情况下,有更多的状态变量比观察,这是典型的应用稀疏测量,例如,数值预报和遥感。我们发现,类似于未预处理的问题,OEC矩阵的最小特征值出现在新的边界上的条件数的Hessian的预处理的目标函数。数值实验表明,当背景和观测尺度相等时,Hessian条件数最小。这与未预处理的情况相反,在未预处理的情况下,减小观测误差长度尺度总是改善条件。共轭梯度实验表明,在这个框架中的条件数的Hessian是一个很好的代理收敛。特征值聚类解释了收敛比预期快的情况。
Data assimilation algorithms combine prior and observational information, weighted by their respective uncertainties, to obtain the most likely posterior of a dynamical system. In variational data assimilation the posterior is computed by solving a nonlinear least squares problem. Many numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers use full observation error covariance (OEC) weighting matrices, which can slow convergence of the data assimilation procedure. Previous work revealed the importance of the minimum eigenvalue of the OEC matrix for conditioning and convergence of the unpreconditioned data assimilation problem. In this article we examine the use of correlated OEC matrices in the preconditioned data assimilation problem for the first time. We consider the case where there are more state variables than observations, which is typical for applications with sparse measurements, for example, NWP and remote sensing. We find that similarly to the unpreconditioned problem, the minimum eigenvalue of the OEC matrix appears in new bounds on the condition number of the Hessian of the preconditioned objective function. Numerical experiments reveal that the condition number of the Hessian is minimized when the background and observation lengthscales are equal. This contrasts with the unpreconditioned case, where decreasing the observation error lengthscale always improves conditioning. Conjugate gradient experiments show that in this framework the condition number of the Hessian is a good proxy for convergence. Eigenvalue clustering explains cases where convergence is faster than expected.
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