ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE TRACHEAL CILIATED MUCOSA IN RAT
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE TRACHEAL CILIATED MUCOSA IN RAT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00345847
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
DALHAMN, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RHODIN, J;DALHAMN, T
用电子显微镜在大约200张Å厚切片上研究了大鼠气管上皮细胞的结构，分辨率大于30 Å。上皮为单柱状细胞，由纤毛细胞、产生粘液的（杯状）细胞、基底细胞和第四种细胞组成，这里称为刷状细胞。大量的非纤毛细胞也被发现。已经证明，这些代表杯状细胞在细胞内合成黏液颗粒的不同阶段。纤毛细胞每平方微米约有8-9根纤毛，每个细胞约有270根纤毛，计算表面积为33平方微米。它们被70 Å厚的膜覆盖着。纤丝以中心2根独立的纤丝和周围9根纤丝的环状排列，每根纤丝被与丝壁本身厚度相同的壁分成2个亚丝，这是60 Å。外周丝与基生小体连续。讨论了与早期发现相比较的小体结构。细胞表面出现许多0.05微米厚、1微米长的丝状突起。没有角质层。面对相邻细胞的细胞膜为90 Å，与它们的细胞膜之间有一个105 Å宽的空间，这个空间向与细胞近端部分相对应的水平扩展。遇到一个表示终端栏的结构。细胞质疏松，由160个Å厚颗粒组成。由50个Å厚膜和160个Å厚颗粒（α-细胞膜）包围的空间是罕见的。分析了高尔基带，确定了其γ-细胞膜、颗粒和液泡的规律组成。线粒体的平均宽度为0.23微米，其内部结构与普通类型的线粒体不同，三层膜高度互连。细胞质中可见不透明的大颗粒。环状，850 Å宽，结构存在于核膜上。杯状细胞数量不如纤毛细胞多，比例为1∶4。由95 Å厚的膜覆盖的小丝状突起从细胞表面突出。该膜与细胞膜连续，后者与纤毛细胞具有相同的尺寸。终端柱存在。由于165个Å不透明颗粒的密集堆积，细胞质非常不透明，许多颗粒为4-6个。α-细胞膜具有与上述纤毛细胞相同的尺寸。高尔基带的组成规律。有人认为高尔基液泡和γ-细胞膜参与了粘液的形成。在细胞活动阶段，粘液颗粒较少，有大量不透明的大颗粒，大小在0.4-1微米之间。线粒体的平均宽度为0.23微米，外膜为三层，总厚度为180 Å。中心不透明层为70 Å，两侧不透明层为55 Å。内膜彼此平行排列并具有三层组合物，其中中心不透明层为65 Å，不透明层各为60 Å。毛刷细胞属于非纤毛细胞。它们是单独存在的，被杯状细胞包围。表面结构的形状像刷子或笨拙的突出物，从细胞的远端出现，并被95 Å厚的膜覆盖。没有证据表明这些毛刷是处于生长阶段的纤毛，它们也不可能……
The structure of the tracheal epithelial cells from rat has been studied by electron microscopy on approximately 200 Å thick sections with a resolution of better than 30 Å.The epithelium is found to be of a simple columnar type composed of ciliated cells, mucus producing (goblet) cells, basal cells and a fourth kind of cell, here calledbrush cell. A great number of non-ciliated cells has also been encountered. It has been proved that these represent goblet cells in different stages of intracellular synthesis of mucous granules.The ciliated cellshave approximately 8–9 cilia per square micron and there are about 270 cilia on each cell, the calculated surface area being 33 square microns. They are covered by a 70 Å thick membrane. The ciliary filaments are arranged in a pattern of 2 separate ones in the center and a ring of 9 peripheral ones, each divided into 2 subfilaments by a wall with same thickness as the filamentous wall itself, this being 60 Å. The peripheral filaments are continuous with the basal corpuscles. The structure of the corpuscles as compared with earlier findings is discussed. A number of 0.05 micron thick and 1 micron long filiform projections emerge from the cell surface. No cuticle is present.The cell membrane facing adjacent cells is 90 Å and separated from their cell membrane by a 105 Å wide space, this space, being expanded towards a level corresponding to the proximal parts of the cell. A structure that represents terminal bar has been encountered. The cytoplasm is loose and composed of 160 Å thick granules. Spaces enclosed by 50 Å thick membranes with attached 160 Å thick granules (α-cytomembranes) are rare. The Golgi zone is analyzed and its regular composition of γ-cytomembranes, granules and vacuoles is confirmed. The mitochondria with a mean width of 0.23 micron differ to their inner structure from the common type in that the triple layered membranes are highly interconnected. Large opaque granules are encountered in the cytoplasm. Ring-shaped, 850 Å wide, structures are present in the nuclear membrane.The goblet cellsare not as abundant as the ciliated cells, the ratio being 1∶4. Small filiform projections covered by a 95 Å thick membrane protrude from the cell surface. This membrane is continuous with the cell membrane, the latter with the same dimensions as in the ciliated cells. Terminal bars are present. The cytoplasm is very opaque due to a dense packing of the 165 Å opaque granules, many in clusters of 4–6. The α-cytomembranes have the same dimensions as mentioned above for those present in the ciliated cells. The Golgi zone is of regular composition. There is a suggestion that the Golgi vacuoles and the γ-cytomembranes are involved in the formation of mucus. In the stage of cellular activity with but few mucous granules, there is a great number of large opaque granules, the size varying from 0.4–1 micron. The mitochondria with a mean width of 0.23 micron have an outer triple layered membrane with a total thickness of 180 Å. The central less opaque layer is 70 Å and the opaque layer on either side is 55 Å. The inner membranes are arranged parallel to each other and have a triple layered composition where the central less opaque layer is 65 Å and the opaque layers each 60 Å.The brush cellsbelong to the non-ciliated cells. They are encountered singly, surrounded by goblet cells. The surface structures are shaped like brushes or clumsy protrusions which emerge from the distal end of the cell, and are covered by a 95 Å thick membrane. There have been no suggestions of the brushes being cilia in a stage of growth, nor is it probable that they …