The CAFE computer program for nutritional analysis of the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire and identification of extreme nutrient values
The CAFE computer program for nutritional analysis of the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire and identification of extreme nutrient values
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-277x.2005.00593.x
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bingham, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Welch, AA;Luben, R;Bingham, SA
背景食物频率问卷（FFQ）广泛应用于营养流行病学，但没有论文详细介绍支持计划和营养数据库的开发。描述了欧洲癌症前瞻性调查研究 (EPIC)-诺福克研究 FFQ 的数据收集、处理和处理以及用于计算营养摄入量的频率估计成分分析 (CAFE) 程序的结构和内容的开发所涉及的原理。还讨论了极端营养值和数据排除切点的推导。方法 FFQ 发送给 25 637 名参与者。为了排除营养摄入量的极端（非生理）异常值，使用了能量摄入量与估计基础代谢率之比的极端顶部和底部 0.5%。 结果 CAFE 计算机程序根据食品制备中使用的特定脂肪和肉上可见脂肪的量来修改营养摄入量。它包含不同的早餐麦片，并区分品牌和类型的文字。在排除营养摄入的异常值后，由于某些食物的报告频率较高，能量、碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和酒精仍然存在一些极值。结论 CAFE 的特点包括灵活、可更新的数据库和一种新颖的文本匹配方法。营养流行病学中极端营养值对 FFQ 饮食估计准确性的影响应进一步研究。
Background Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are widely used in nutritional epidemiology but no papers detail the development of the supporting programs and nutritional databases. The principles involved in data collection, processing and treatment of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer Study (EPIC)-Norfolk Study FFQ and development of the structure and content of the Compositional Analyses from Frequency Estimates (CAFE) program for calculating nutrient intakes are described. Extreme nutrient values and derivation of cut-points for data exclusion are also discussed.Methods The FFQ was sent to 25 637 participants. To exclude extreme (nonphysiological) outliers of nutrient intakes, the extreme top and bottom 0.5% of the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate was used.Results The CAFE computer program modifies nutrient intake according to specific fats used in food preparation and the amount of visible fat on meat. It incorporates different breakfast cereals and distinguishes between text for brands and types. After exclusion of outliers of nutrient intake some extreme values remained for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and alcohol, because of high reported frequencies of certain foods.Conclusions The features of CAFE include flexible, updateable, databases and a novel method for matching text. The effect of extreme nutrient values on the accuracy of the FFQ in estimating diet in nutritional epidemiology should be investigated further.