When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second-generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998)
When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second-generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998)
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自我差异什么时候与情绪有特定的关系？
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1313
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Higgins,ET
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higgins,ET
自我差异理论（ET Higgins，1987）假设实际与理想的差异与沮丧情绪唯一相关，而实际与应该的差异与激动情绪唯一相关。对检验这一假设的文献的回顾支持了对“有影响吗？”这个问题的肯定回答。然而，JP Tangney、PM Niedenthal、MV Covert 和 DH Barlow (1998) 的研究结果表明，预测的独特关系并不总是被发现。他们的文章通过将注意力转移到第二代问题“什么时候有效果？”上，为自我差异理论的发展做出了贡献。本文讨论了调节发现独特差异-情绪关系的可能性的四个变量：自我差异的程度、自我差异的可及性、自我差异在当前背景下的适用性和相关性，以及自我差异对人的重要性。
Self-discrepancy theory (ET Higgins, 1987) hypothesizes that actual–ideal discrepancies are uniquely related to dejection emotions, whereas actual–ought discrepancies are uniquely related to agitation emotions. A review of the literature testing this hypothesis supports an affirmative answer to the question “Is there an effect?” However, as the results of JP Tangney, PM Niedenthal, MV Covert, and DH Barlow's (1998) study indicate, the predicted unique relations are not always found. Their article contributes to the development of self-discrepancy theory by shifting attention to the second-generation question “When is there an effect?” Four variables that moderate the likelihood of finding unique discrepancy–emotion relations are discussed in the present article: the magnitude of a self-discrepancy, the accessibility of a self-discrepancy, the applicability and relevance of a self-discrepancy in a current context, and the importance of a self-discrepancy to the person.