A matter of size? Material, structural and mechanical strategies for size adaptation in the elytra of Cetoniinae beetles
A matter of size? Material, structural and mechanical strategies for size adaptation in the elytra of Cetoniinae beetles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.039
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发表时间：
2021-02-16
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Espinosa, Horacio D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asgari, Meisam;Alderete, Nicolas A.;Espinosa, Horacio D.
从进化丰富的角度来看，自然界巧妙合成的生物材料具有更大的相关性。甲虫（鞘翅目）占地球上所有现存生命形式的四分之一，这一事实使它们成为进化成功的主要指数。事实上，它们的前翅被认为是它们辐射适应成功的关键特征，这使得甲虫鞘翅成为下一代生物启发合成材料的模型结构。在这项工作中，多尺度的形态和机械特性的各种甲虫从Cetoniinae亚科的研究，目的是解开背后的基本原则自然的适应鞘翅baoplan跨越三个数量级的体重差异。与有机体的大小变化的整体影响相适应，一个组合的材料，形态和机械特性的框架，跨空间尺度，追求。调查显示，同时存在的大小不变的战略，（化学成分，分层纤维结构，梯度图案）以及尺寸依赖性特征（鞘膜层的缩放和构建块的特征尺寸），协同组合以实现相似水平的生物力学功能（刚度，能量吸收，强度，变形和增韧机制）的发展和选择的限制。这里提出的整体方法旨在阐明自然界的解决方案的大小变化的问题，这是甲虫和生活世界的多样性的基础。声明的重要性自然适应共同的结构图案和利用有限的材料池来应对进化压力的能力是无与伦比的。特别是甲虫，体现了大自然灵巧的最佳表现，正如它们的普遍性和丰富多样性所证明的那样。在这里，材料，结构和力学特性的鞘翅的四个不同种类的Cetoniinae甲虫进行了比较，阐明自然的战略指导适应身体的大小。与身体尺寸对功能的整体影响相适应，使用了各种多模态和多尺度表征方法，揭示了尺寸不变和尺寸相关特征的存在。因此，这项工作旨在建立一个路线图，为未来的系统，比较分析甲虫生物力学，缩放和生物遗传学。(C)2020 Acta Materialia Inc.由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Nature's masterfully synthesized biological materials take on greater relevance when viewed through the perspective of evolutionary abundance. The fact that beetles (order Coleoptera) account for a quarter of all extant lifeforms on Earth, makes them prime exponents of evolutionary success. In fact, their forewings are acknowledged as key traits to their radiative-adaptive success, which makes the beetle elytra a model structure for next-generation bioinspired synthetic materials. In this work, the multiscale morphological and mechanical characteristics of a variety of beetle species from the Cetoniinae subfamily are investigated with the aim of unraveling the underlying principles behind Nature's adaptation of the elytral bauplan to differences in body weight spanning three orders of magnitude. Commensurate with the integral implications of size variation in organisms, a combined material, morphological, and mechanical characterization framework, across spatial scales, was pursued. The investigation revealed the simultaneous presence of size-invariant strategies (chemical compositions, layered-fibrous architectures, graded motifs) as well as size-dependent features (scaling of elytral layers and characteristic dimensions of building blocks), synergistically combined to achieve similar levels of biomechanical functionality (stiffness, energy absorption, strength, deformation and toughening mechanisms) in response to developmental and selection constraints. The integral approach here presented seeks to shed light on Nature's solution to the problem of size variation, which underpins the diversity of beetles and the living world.Statement of significanceThe ability of Nature to adapt common structural motifs and leverage a limited pool of materials to respond to evolutionary pressures is unparalleled. Beetles, in particular, embody the finest expressions of Nature's deftness, as evinced by their pervasiveness and the richness of their diversity. Here, material, structural and mechanical characteristics of the elytra of four different species of Cetoniinae beetles are compared to elucidate the natural strategies guiding adaptations to body size. Commensurate with the integral implications of body size on functionality, a variety of multimodal and multiscale characterization methods are used, revealing the presence of size-invariant and size-dependent features. As such, this work seeks to establish a roadmap for future systematic, comparative analyses of beetle biomechanics, scaling and phylogenetics. (C) 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.