Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development
Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-011-9866-9
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Deguchi, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abidin, Hasanuddin Z.;Andreas, Heri;Deguchi, T.
雅加达是印度尼西亚的首都，人口约960万，居住面积约660平方公里。在过去的三十年里，雅加达的城市发展在工业、贸易、交通、房地产和许多其他领域发展非常迅速。这种呈指数级增长的城市发展带来了几个环境问题。地面沉降就是其中之一。由此产生的地面沉降也将影响城市发展规划和进程。多年来一直有报道称，雅加达的几个地方正在以不同的速度下沉。使用水准测量、GPS测量方法和InSAR测量方法对雅加达1982-2010年期间的地面沉降进行了研究。总体上，地面沉降具有时间和空间上的变化，变化速度约为1~15 cm/年。少数地区的下沉速度可达20-28厘米/年。雅加达盆地可能发生四种不同类型的地面沉降，即：地下水开采引起的地面沉降、建筑物荷载引起的地面沉降(即高压缩土的沉降)、冲积土的自然固结引起的地面沉降和构造沉降。研究发现，地面沉降的时空变化取决于地下水开采量的相应变化，以及其上的沉积层和建筑物荷载的特征。总的来说，地面沉降与雅加达的城市发展活动之间存在着很强的联系。
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 9.6 million people, inhabiting an area of about 660 square-km. In the last three decades, urban development of Jakarta has grown very rapidly in the sectors of industry, trade, transportation, real estate, and many others. This exponentially increased urban development introduces several environmental problems. Land subsidence is one of them. The resulted land subsidence will also then affect the urban development plan and process. It has been reported for many years that several places in Jakarta are subsiding at different rates. The leveling surveys, GPS survey methods, and InSAR measurements have been used to study land subsidence in Jakarta, over the period of 1982-2010. In general, it was found that the land subsidence exhibits spatial and temporal variations, with the rates of about 1-15 cm/year. A few locations can have the subsidence rates up to about 20-28 cm/year. There are four different types of land subsidence that can be expected to occur in the Jakarta basin, namely: subsidence due to groundwater extraction, subsidence induced by the load of constructions (i.e., settlement of high compressibility soil), subsidence caused by natural consolidation of alluvial soil, and tectonic subsidence. It was found that the spatial and temporal variations of land subsidence depend on the corresponding variations of groundwater extraction, coupled with the characteristics of sedimentary layers and building loads above it. In general, there is strong relation between land subsidence and urban development activities in Jakarta.