Does Ostracism Help Smokers Quit?
Does Ostracism Help Smokers Quit?
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排斥可以帮助吸烟者戒烟吗？
DOI：
10.1037/sah0000304
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Tjitra,Callista
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helweg-Larsen,Marie;Tjitra,Callista
关于污名化对吸烟者影响的研究表明，提醒自己的贬低地位会给吸烟者带来压力，而污名化可能有助于或阻碍戒烟意愿。在这项研究中，我们要求吸烟者（N = 277）玩在线投球网络球游戏，表面上是与不吸烟的陌生人一起玩。参与者被随机分配接受排斥（包括或排除）和隐瞒（隐藏或揭露吸烟状况）操作。我们发现，排斥（直接或通过威胁评估）导致吸烟者压力更大、认知能力下降、对拒绝敏感、积极认知更少、认为自己面临更大的健康风险、感受到更多内在的耻辱、对戒烟更感兴趣，当他们的吸烟状况被揭露而不是隐瞒时，效果会更强。这些结果表明，隐瞒在防止耻辱方面是不完善的，而排斥（尽管有压力和认知负担）可能会导致认知、态度和意图帮助吸烟者戒烟，从而离开他们被贬低的身份。结果并不意味着人们应该受到侮辱；相反，污蔑吸烟者可能是不道德的，或者对寻求健康的行为造成障碍，这可能会抵消帮助吸烟者戒烟的结构性努力。未来的研究应该探讨自我肯定的作用，以提高被视为污名化或身份威胁的健康信息的有效性。
Research on the effects of stigmatizing on smokers shows that it is stressful to be reminded of one’s devalued status and stigmatization might help or hinder quitting intentions. In this study, we asked smokers (N= 277) to play an online ball-tossing Cyberball game, ostensibly with nonsmoking strangers. Participants were randomly assigned to an ostracism (included or excluded) and concealment (smoking status concealed or revealed) manipulation. We found that exclusion led smokers (directly or via threat appraisals) to be more stressed, cognitively depleted, rejection sensitive, have fewer positive cognitions, see themselves at greater health risk, feel more internalized stigma, and be more interested in quitting, with stronger effects when their smoking status was revealed instead of concealed. These results suggest that concealment is imperfect in protecting against stigma and that exclusion (although stressful and cognitively taxing) can lead to cognitions, attitudes, and intentions helping smokers quit and thus leave their devalued identity. The results do not imply that one ought to stigmatize; stigmatizing smokers might be unethical or create barriers to health-seeking behaviors which could counteract structural efforts to help smokers quit. Future research should examine the role of self-affirmation to increase the effectiveness of health messages perceived as stigmatizing or identity threatening.