Pesticides in household dust and soil: Exposure pathways for children of agricultural families
Pesticides in household dust and soil: Exposure pathways for children of agricultural families
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DOI：
10.2307/3432609
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Kalman, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Simcox, NJ;Fenske, RA;Kalman, DA
农业家庭的儿童即使不从事农业活动，也有可能接触到农用化学品。这项研究的目的是确定这些儿童是否比父母不从事农业和家庭不靠近农场的儿童接触到更高水平的杀虫剂。在华盛顿州东部59个家庭（26个农场家庭，22个农场工人家庭和11个非农业家庭）的儿童游乐区收集了家庭灰尘和土壤样本。大多数农场家庭都住在距经营中的苹果园或梨园200英尺以内的地方，而所有参考家庭都位于距果园至少四分之一英里的地方。以四种常用的有机磷（OF）杀虫剂为研究对象，分别为氮磷甲酯、毒死蜱、对硫磷和磷磷。样品经气相色谱/质量选择检测提取和分析。室内粉尘中农药浓度显著高于土壤中农药浓度。农民/农场工人家庭的OP水平范围从土壤中检测不到到930纳克/克（0.93 ppm），从粉尘中检测不到到17,000纳克/克（17 ppm）；62%的家庭灰尘样本中发现了所有四种有机磷化合物，三分之二的农场家庭中至少有一种有机磷超过1000纳克/克。在参考家庭中发现残留的频率较低，所有水平均低于1000纳克/克。与农民/农场工人家庭相比，参考家庭中所有四种目标化合物的家庭粉尘浓度显著降低(Mann-Whitney U检验；P
Children of agricultural families are likely to be exposed to agricultural chemicals, even if they are not involved in farm activities. This study was designed to determine whether such children are exposed to higher levels of pesticides than children whose parents are not involved in agriculture and whose homes are not close to farms. Household dust and soil samples were collected in children's play areas from 59 residences in eastern Washington State (26 farming, 22 farmworker, and 11 nonfarming families). The majority of the farm families lived within 200 feet of an operating apple or pear orchard, whereas all reference homes were located at least a quarter of a mile from an orchard. Four organophosphorous (OF) insecticides commonly used on tree fruit were targeted for analysis: azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, parathion, and phosmet. Samples were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass selective detection. Pesticide concentrations in household dust were significantly higher than in soil for all groups. OP levels for farmer/farmworker families ranged from nondetectable to 930 ng/g in soil (0.93 ppm) and from nondetectable to 17,000 ng/g in dust (17 ppm); all four OP compounds were found in 62% of household dust samples, and two-thirds of the farm homes contained at least one OP above 1000 ng/g. Residues were found less frequently in reference homes, and all levels were below 1000 ng/g. Household dust concentrations for all four target compounds were significantly lower in reference homes when compared to farmer/farmworker homes (Mann-Whitney U test; P