Communication and Acoustic Behavior of Dolphins and Whales
Communication and Acoustic Behavior of Dolphins and Whales
复制标题
海豚和鲸鱼的交流和声学行为
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-1150-1_4
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
C. Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Tyack;C. Clark
大约7000万年前，鲸鱼和海豚的陆地祖先重新进入了生命最初开始的海洋。这不仅需要游泳运动和潜水呼吸的巨大变化，而且海洋还呈现出截然不同的感官环境。鲸类动物爆炸性的呼吸方式降低了嗅觉的作用，而嗅觉在水下的作用有限。光在空气中快速传播很远的距离，这使得视觉对于感知陆地或空气中的远处物体特别有用，但光在水中传播得不好。水下很少有物体能在超过几十米的范围内看到。相比之下，声音在水下传播得特别好。最近的发现凸显了声学方式感知远处声源的潜力，我们可以在数百甚至数千公里的范围内检测到鲸鱼的低频叫声（Costa 1993；Clark 1994b，1995）。
About 70 million years ago, the terrestrial ancestors of whales and dolphins reentered the ocean where life originally began. Not only did this require dramatic shifts in locomotion for swimming and in respiration for diving, but the ocean also presented a very different sensory environment. The explosive way in which cetaceans breathe reduced the usefulness of olfaction, which has limited utility underwater. Light propagates great distances rapidly in air, which makes vision particularly useful for sensing distant objects on land or in air, but light does not propagate well in water. Few objects can be seen underwater at ranges of more than a few tens of meters. By contrast, sound travels particularly well underwater. The potential for the acoustic modality to sense distant sources of sound is highlighted by recent discoveries that we can detect low-frequency calls of whales at ranges of hundreds and sometimes thousands of kilometers (Costa 1993; Clark 1994b, 1995).