Recent Advances in the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Chemical Catalysis—A Review
Recent Advances in the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Chemical Catalysis—A Review
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DOI：
10.3390/catal8090379
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
S. Ranganathan;V. Sieber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ranganathan;V. Sieber
过氧化氢是当今世界需求不断增长的重要化学品。目前，过氧化氢的工业生产以蒽醌自氧化工艺为主。在这里，氢和氧在醌的存在下间接反应生成过氧化氢。由于该过程的复杂性和多步骤的性质，用更简单和直接的方法代替该过程是有利的。由其组成试剂直接合成过氧化氢是实现这一目标的有效而清洁的途径。由于热力学、爆炸风险和过氧化氢的稳定性等因素，阻碍了该工艺在工业水平上的适用性。目前，直接合成反应的催化剂是钯基催化剂，寻找有效的活性催化剂的研究已经进行了一个多世纪。钯的纯形式，或与某些金属的合金，是被广泛研究的新一代催化剂。此外，为了防止过氧化氢分解成水，该过程通过添加某些促进剂（如无机酸和卤化物）来稳定。目前该领域的研究主要集中在合成过氧化氢所需的反应器和操作模式上。微反应器技术的出现有助于以连续模式建立这种合成，在不久的将来可能取代蒽醌工艺。本文综述了近年来科学界在直接合成过氧化氢的反应工程、催化剂和反应器设计等方面的研究进展。
Hydrogen peroxide is an important chemical of increasing demand in today’s world. Currently, the anthraquinone autoxidation process dominates the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. Herein, hydrogen and oxygen are reacted indirectly in the presence of quinones to yield hydrogen peroxide. Owing to the complexity and multi-step nature of the process, it is advantageous to replace the process with an easier and straightforward one. The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from its constituent reagents is an effective and clean route to achieve this goal. Factors such as water formation due to thermodynamics, explosion risk, and the stability of the hydrogen peroxide produced hinder the applicability of this process at an industrial level. Currently, the catalysis for the direct synthesis reaction is palladium based and the research into finding an effective and active catalyst has been ongoing for more than a century now. Palladium in its pure form, or alloyed with certain metals, are some of the new generation of catalysts that are extensively researched. Additionally, to prevent the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water, the process is stabilized by adding certain promoters such as mineral acids and halides. A major part of today’s research in this field focusses on the reactor and the mode of operation required for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide. The emergence of microreactor technology has helped in setting up this synthesis in a continuous mode, which could possibly replace the anthraquinone process in the near future. This review will focus on the recent findings of the scientific community in terms of reaction engineering, catalyst and reactor design in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide.