Transcriptional condensates and phase separation: condensing information across scales and mechanisms.

Transcriptional condensates and phase separation: condensing information across scales and mechanisms.
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DOI:
10.1080/19491034.2023.2213551
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发表时间:
2023-12
期刊:
Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
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转录是基因表达的基本过程,在真核生物中,它发生在核的复杂物理化学环境中。几十年的研究已经为转录的分子和功能机制提供了极其详细的信息,但转录的空间和基因组组织仍然是个谜。最近的发现表明,转录成分可以经历相分离,并在细胞核内产生不同的隔室,为观察真核生物的转录过程提供了新的模型。在这篇综述中,我们主要关注转录缩合物及其类似相分离的行为。我们建议区分相分离的物理描述和高效基因表达所需的复杂和动态的生物分子组装,并讨论转录缩合物如何在空间和时间尺度上组织三维基因组的中心。最后,我们为转录缩合物的治疗操作绘制了方法图,并询问需要哪些技术进步才能更完整地理解转录缩合物。
Transcription is the fundamental process of gene expression, which in eukaryotes occurs within the complex physicochemical environment of the nucleus. Decades of research have provided extreme detail in the molecular and functional mechanisms of transcription, but the spatial and genomic organization of transcription remains mysterious. Recent discoveries show that transcriptional components can undergo phase separation and create distinct compartments inside the nucleus, providing new models through which to view the transcription process in eukaryotes. In this review, we focus on transcriptional condensates and their phase separation-like behaviors. We suggest differentiation between physical descriptions of phase separation and the complex and dynamic biomolecular assemblies required for productive gene expression, and we discuss how transcriptional condensates are central to organizing the three-dimensional genome across spatial and temporal scales. Finally, we map approaches for therapeutic manipulation of transcriptional condensates and ask what technical advances are needed to understand transcriptional condensates more completely.
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