Biogeography of the freshwater fishes of the Guianas using a partitioned parsimony analysis of endemicity with reappraisal of ecoregional boundaries
Biogeography of the freshwater fishes of the Guianas using a partitioned parsimony analysis of endemicity with reappraisal of ecoregional boundaries
复制标题
圭亚那淡水鱼类的生物地理学，采用地方性分区简约分析并重新评估生态区域边界
作者：
A. Lemopoulos;Raphaël Covain
圭亚那是新热带地区最多样化的地区之一，淡水鱼特有率特别高。分析了圭亚那（包括圭亚那、苏里南和法属圭亚那）主要流域淡水鱼类物种目前的分布模式，以揭示河流之间的动物区系关系，评估有关生物地理单元的不同假设，并重新定义圭亚那淡水生态区的边界。使用数据分区策略对地方性进行简约分析，以减轻该方法固有的一些缺点（例如长分支吸引伪影、异速），并考虑对不同物种的状态变化分配不同约束的替代简约模型。数据中存在强烈的空间元素，物种结构沿东西梯度分布。强调了两个主要的生物地理单元：一是向西，从埃塞奎博河到科默韦讷河，包括普罗托伯比斯和苏里南地区；一是向东，从马罗尼河到奥亚波克河，包括法属圭亚那西部、中部和东部地区。每个生态区都拥有独特的鱼类组合，亚马逊河和圭亚那河之间有三到四个潜在的动物群交流区已得到证实。
The Guianas are one of the most diverse regions of the Neotropics, hosting a particularly high rate of freshwater fish endemism. The present distributional patterns of freshwater fish species in the major catchments of the Guianas (comprising Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana) were analysed to reveal the faunal relationships between rivers, evaluate different hypotheses concerning biogeographical units, and redefine the boundaries of the Guianese freshwater ecoregions. A parsimony analysis of endemicity was performed using a data partitioning strategy to alleviate some drawbacks inherent to the method (e.g. long branch attraction artefact, heterotachy), and take into account alternative parsimony models assigning different constraints on state changes for the different species. A strong spatial element was present in the data with a structuring of species along a west–east gradient. Two main biogeographical units were highlighted: one to the west, ranging from the Essequibo to the Commewijne rivers and including the Proto Berbice and Surinamese regions, and one to the east ranging from the Maroni to the Oyapock rivers and including the Western, Central and Eastern French Guiana regions. Each ecoregion possessed distinctive fish assemblages, and three to four potential zones of faunal exchanges between Amazonian and Guianese rivers have been confirmed.