Flexible resource allocation during plant defense responses.
Flexible resource allocation during plant defense responses.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2013.00324
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Arnold TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schultz JC;Appel HM;Ferrieri AP;Arnold TM
植物是由木质部和韧皮部运输流连接的模块组成的生物体。昆虫和病原体的共同攻击有时会导致被攻击模块的快速防御反应。一段时间以来，我们也知道蛋白质通常会从病原体感染的组织中重新分配，而相同的感染部位可能会将碳水化合物吸引到它们身上。这被解释为一场拔河比赛，在这场比赛中，植物撤回关键资源以阻止微生物生长，而微生物则试图获得更多资源。关键资源，特别是碳和氮的模块之间的汇-源调节运输也会因攻击而改变。昆虫和茉莉酸可以增加当地的库强度，绘制支持防御生产的碳水化合物。发作后不久，碳水化合物也可能被吸引到根部。韧皮部中响应于攻击的光致发光物质或信号的移动速率和方向受到约束，包括分支、组织之间的连接程度、源和汇之间的距离、邻近度、强度和竞争汇的数量以及韧皮部加载/卸载调节器。材料的移动（例如，氨基酸，信号），或从木质部中的攻击位点，是不太好理解，但部分驱动蒸腾。根是一个有影响力的库，可以调节库-源相互作用和地上地下以及植物与根际和附近相连植物之间的运输。针对病原体或食草动物的资源转移研究主要集中在生物化学机制上;需要进行全植物研究，以确定这些植物行为中的哪些（如果有的话）实际上影响植物适合度。
Plants are organisms composed of modules connected by xylem and phloem transport streams. Attack by both insects and pathogens elicits sometimes rapid defense responses in the attacked module. We have also known for some time that proteins are often reallocated away from pathogen-infected tissues, while the same infection sites may draw carbohydrates to them. This has been interpreted as a tug of war in which the plant withdraws critical resources to block microbial growth while the microbes attempt to acquire more resources. Sink-source regulated transport among modules of critical resources, particularly carbon and nitrogen, is also altered in response to attack. Insects and jasmonate can increase local sink strength, drawing carbohydrates that support defense production. Shortly after attack, carbohydrates may also be drawn to the root. The rate and direction of movement of photosynthate or signals in phloem in response to attack is subject to constraints that include branching, degree of connection among tissues, distance between sources and sinks, proximity, strength, and number of competing sinks, and phloem loading/unloading regulators. Movement of materials (e.g., amino acids, signals) to or from attack sites in xylem is less well understood but is partly driven by transpiration. The root is an influential sink and may regulate sink-source interactions and transport above and below ground as well as between the plant and the rhizosphere and nearby, connected plants. Research on resource translocation in response to pathogens or herbivores has focused on biochemical mechanisms; whole-plant research is needed to determine which, if any, of these plant behaviors actually influence plant fitness.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Arnold, TM;Schultz, JC
通讯作者：
Schultz, JC
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
ANDREWS, M;MCINROY, S;TAYLOR, H
通讯作者：
TAYLOR, H
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
BALDWIN, IT;KARB, MJ;OHNMEISS, TE
通讯作者：
OHNMEISS, TE
影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Appel, Heidi M.;Arnold, Thomas M.;Schultz, Jack C.
通讯作者：
Schultz, Jack C.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
BALDWIN, IT;SCHMELZ, EA
通讯作者：
SCHMELZ, EA