Forum Isolation: Social Opprobrium and the Origins of the International Law of Internal Conflict
Forum Isolation: Social Opprobrium and the Origins of the International Law of Internal Conflict
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论坛孤立：社会责难与内部冲突国际法的起源
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Giovanni Mantilla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giovanni Mantilla
摘要 各国为何制定国际法来规范国内武装冲突？本文首次对这些国际规则的出现和设计进行理论分析，重点关注 1949 年日内瓦公约的共同第 3 条。借鉴原有的多国档案研究，我开发了论坛隔离机制来解释共同第3条的起源，展示了社会谴责压力的重要性，以解释为什么英法在1949年从坚决反对转向支持和领导。具体而言，论坛隔离迫使这些欧洲帝国做出让步并在幕后做出战略反应，通过在共同第3条文本中故意插入模棱两可的语言来挽回面子并维护其安全利益。这一举动后来促进了各国的回避在许多冲突情况下都遵循这一规则。
Abstract Why have states created international laws to regulate internal armed conflicts? This article is the first to theorize the emergence and design of these international rules, focusing on Common Article 3 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Drawing on original multicountry archival research, I develop the mechanism of forum isolation to explain the origins of Common Article 3, demonstrating the importance of social opprobrium pressure to explain why Britain and France switched from staunch opposition to support and leadership in 1949. Specifically, forum isolation pressured these European empires to concede and to react strategically behind the scenes, saving face and safeguarding their security interests by deliberately inserting ambiguous language in the text of Common Article 3. This move later facilitated states' avoidance of this rule in many conflict cases.
合法化的话语过程：绘制国际刑事法院案件中的说服岛
影响因子：
7.8
作者：
Deitelhoff;Nicole
通讯作者：
Nicole