The Folk Society
The Folk Society
复制标题
民间社会
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1947
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
R. Redfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Redfield
对社会的理解可以通过构建一种理想类型的原始社会或民间社会来与现代城市化社会形成对比。这样的社会是小的、孤立的、没有文化的、同质的，具有强烈的群体团结意识。生活方式被约定俗成成一个连贯的系统，我们称之为“文化”。行为是传统的、自发的、不加批判的、个人化的；没有为智力目的而进行实验和反思的立法或习惯。亲属关系及其关系和制度是经验的类型范畴，家庭群体是行动的单位。神圣凌驾于世俗之上；经济是地位的经济，而不是市场的经济。这些和相关的特征可以用“民间心态”来重新表述。在研究社会的比较，或一个社会的变化过程中，借助这些概念，出现了一些问题，并在一定程度上解决了理想民间社会的一些要素与其他要素之间的必要或可能的相互关系。其中一种关系就是文化的解体与世俗化之间的关系。
Understanding of society may be gained through construction of an ideal type of primitive or folk society as contrasted with modern urbanized society. Such a society is small, isolated, nonliterate, and homogeneous, with a strong sense of group solidarity. The ways of living are conventionalized into that coherent system which we call "a culture." Behavior is traditional, spontaneous, uncritical, and personal; there is no legislation or habit of experiment and reflection for intellectual ends. Kinship, its relationships and institutions, are the type categories of experience and the familial group is the unit of action. The sacred prevails over the secular; the economy is one of status rather than of the market. These and related characterizations may be restated in terms of "folk mentality." In studying societies comparatively, or one society in the course of change, with the aid of these conceptions, problems arise and are, in part, solved as to the necessary or probable interrelations of some of the elements of the ideal folk society with others. One such relationship is that between disorganization of culture and secularization.