Practice-as-research and the Problem of Knowledge
Practice-as-research and the Problem of Knowledge
复制标题
作为研究的实践和知识问题
DOI：
10.1080/13528160701363556
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
0.1
通讯作者：
Robin Nelson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robin Nelson
自柏拉图以来，“知识问题”一直是西方哲学传统中争论不休的话题。虽然还没有得出完全没有争议的结论，但17世纪出现了一种独特的方法，具有基于理性和正当理由的特征标准和证据规范，为启蒙学院提供了信息。在关于宇宙的起源和本质的观念与神话和宗教分离之后，意见和信仰再也不能满足可能建立在更客观基础上的知识。柏拉图将知识分别置于推理、信仰和幻觉之上，他将动物的驱力、激情、情感和欲望置于灵魂的最低部分，而将智力置于灵魂的最高部分。柏拉图还开辟了理论与实践的分界线。在西方思想传统的开端，理论的特权可以追溯到《泰阿泰图》，布迪厄在其中阐述道：
The ‘problem of knowledge’ has been a topic for debate in the Western philosophical tradition since Plato. Though no wholly uncontested conclusions have yet been reached, a distinctive approach with characteristic criteria and canons of evidence based upon rationality and justification emerged in the seventeenth century to inform the Enlightenment academy. After ideas about the origin and nature of the universe were de-coupled from myth and religion, opinion and belief could no longer suffice where knowledge might be established on more objective grounds. As part of a hierarchy in which he installed knowledge above reasoning, belief and illusion respectively, Plato located the animal drives, passions, emotions and desires in the lowest part of the soul and intellect in the highest part. Plato also opened up a divide between theory and practice. At the beginnings of the Western tradition of thought, the privileging of theory might be traced back to the Theaetetus, in which as Bourdieu formulates it: