Normative dissonance in science: Results from a national survey of US scientists
Normative dissonance in science: Results from a national survey of US scientists
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DOI：
10.1525/jer.2007.2.4.3
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
De Vries, Raymond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Melissa S.;Martinson, Brian C.;De Vries, Raymond
科学研究中的行为规范代表了大多数科学家所认同的理想。我们对这些广泛拥护的理想与科学家对自己和他人行为的看法之间的不协调程度进行的分析，是基于3247名职业生涯中期和早期的科学家的调查回复，这些科学家得到了美国国立卫生研究院的研究资助。我们发现了实质性的规范不协调，特别是在信奉的理想和受访者对其他科学家典型行为的看法之间。此外，受访者平均认为其他科学家的行为更像是反规范的，而不是规范的。科学家认为他们的领域是合作的还是竞争的，这与他们的规范观点有关，竞争领域表现出更多的反规范行为。这里记录的高水平的规范性不协调代表了科学中持续存在的压力来源。
NORMS OF BEHAVIOR IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH represent ideals to which most scientists subscribe. Our analysis of the extent of dissonance between these widely espoused ideals and scientists' perceptions of their own and others' behavior is based on survey responses from 3,247 mid- and early-career scientists who had research funding from the U. S. National Institutes of Health. We found substantial normative dissonance, particularly between espoused ideals and respondents' perceptions of other scientists' typical behavior. Also, respondents on average saw other scientists' behavior as more counternormative than normative. Scientists' views of their fields as cooperative or competitive were associated with their normative perspectives, with competitive fields showing more counternormative behavior. The high levels of normative dissonance documented here represent a persistent source of stress in science.