Eliminating Rabies in Estonia
Eliminating Rabies in Estonia
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001535
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Niin, Enel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cliquet, Florence;Robardet, Emmanuelle;Niin, Enel
在爱沙尼亚，对宠物进行强制性疫苗接种、对放牧地区的农场动物进行推荐的疫苗接种以及消灭流浪动物，都没有成功地消除狂犬病，因为病毒存在于两个主要的野生动物宿主-狐狸和浣熊狗中。因此，这两个物种成为控制狂犬病的优先目标。在欧洲共同体的支持下，从2005年秋季开始，在北爱沙尼亚使用Rabigen（R）SAG 2毒饵，每年两次开展连续的口服疫苗接种运动。从2006年春季起，这些措施扩大到整个领土。在疫苗接种运动之后，狂犬病发病率大幅下降，2005年为266例，2006年为114例，2007年为4例，2008年为3例。自2008年3月以来，除了2009年夏季报告的3起病例和2011年1月报告的1起病例外，爱沙尼亚没有发现狂犬病病例，所有病例都发生在靠近俄罗斯东南边境的地区。诱饵吸收令人满意，狐狸和浣熊犬的四环素阳性率分别为85%至93%和82%至88%。通过ELISA评估的免疫率在狐狸中为34%至55%，在浣熊犬中为38%至55%。将爱沙尼亚的狂犬病情况与另外两个波罗的海国家拉脱维亚和立陶宛进行了比较。尽管自2006年以来在这些国家境内定期开展了禽流感运动，而且流行病情况有所改善，但狂犬病在这些国家仍未根除。对分发的诱饵数量和欧洲联盟委员会分配的资金进行的分析表明，爱沙尼亚的狂犬病控制战略比拉脱维亚和立陶宛更具成本效益。
The compulsory vaccination of pets, the recommended vaccination of farm animals in grazing areas and the extermination of stray animals did not succeed in eliminating rabies in Estonia because the virus was maintained in two main wildlife reservoirs, foxes and raccoon dogs. These two species became a priority target therefore in order to control rabies. Supported by the European Community, successive oral vaccination (OV) campaigns were conducted twice a year using Rabigen (R) SAG2 baits, beginning in autumn 2005 in North Estonia. They were then extended to the whole territory from spring 2006. Following the vaccination campaigns, the incidence of rabies cases dramatically decreased, with 266 cases in 2005, 114 in 2006, four in 2007 and three in 2008. Since March 2008, no rabies cases have been detected in Estonia other than three cases reported in summer 2009 and one case in January 2011, all in areas close to the South-Eastern border with Russia. The bait uptake was satisfactory, with tetracycline positivity rates ranging from 85% to 93% in foxes and from 82% to 88% in raccoon dogs. Immunisation rates evaluated by ELISA ranged from 34% to 55% in foxes and from 38% to 55% in raccoon dogs. The rabies situation in Estonia was compared to that of the other two Baltic States, Latvia and Lithuania. Despite regular OV campaigns conducted throughout their territory since 2006, and an improvement in the epidemiological situation, rabies has still not been eradicated in these countries. An analysis of the number of baits distributed and the funding allocated by the European Commission showed that the strategy for rabies control is more cost-effective in Estonia than in Latvia and Lithuania.