Organizational age norms: why is it so hard to know one when you see one?
Organizational age norms: why is it so hard to know one when you see one?
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组织年龄规范：为什么当你看到一个时就很难认识一个？
DOI：
10.1093/geront/36.2.209
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lawrence,BS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lawrence,BS
学者们认为，年龄规范在这里被定义为对在特定背景下担任角色或地位的个人的标准或典型年龄的广泛共识，它限制了所有人类社会的行为。诸如“按年龄行事”之类的告诫表明，我们希望老年人的行为方式与年轻人不同。法律将社会对人们何时达到投票和购买酒精饮料年龄的判断编入法典。工作组织对典型的晋升年龄有非正式的规则。然而，尽管年龄规范对于人类互动至关重要，但我们对它们知之甚少。年龄标准似乎很容易观察，但事实证明很难定义和衡量。此外，尽管许多学者在社会背景下考虑年龄规范，但很少有人在其他结构化环境（例如社区或工作组织）中研究它们。本文探讨了阻碍年龄标准研究的理论和测量问题，并提出了一种使用来自三个工作组织的数据来解决这些问题的方法。
Scholars believe that age norms, defined here as widely shared judgments of the standard or typical ages of individuals holding a role or status within a given context, circumscribe behavior in all human societies. Admonitions such as ‘act your age’ indicate that we expect older people to conduct themselves differently from younger people. Laws codify society's judgments of when people are old enough to vote and purchase alcoholic beverages. Work organizations have informal rules about typical ages for promotion. Yet, despite the centrality of age norms to human interaction, we know very little about them. Age norms seem easy to observe, but they have proved difficult to define and measure. Moreover, although many scholars consider age norms in a societal context, few examine them in other structured settings, such as communities or work organizations. This article explores theoretical and measurement issues that have impeded age norm studies, and presents one approach to their resolution using data from three work organizations.