Neurogenesis and sensitive periods in avian song learning.
Neurogenesis and sensitive periods in avian song learning.
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鸟类鸣叫学习中的神经发生和敏感期。
DOI：
10.1016/0166-2236(90)90060-n
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Nordeen,KW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nordeen,EJ;Nordeen,KW
在许多鸟类中，从同种鸟类学习歌曲的倾向在生命中的一个或多个不同时期最为明显。这些“敏感的”学习时期，加上我们对控制鸟类鸣叫的神经回路的详细了解，促进了伴随发声发育的根本性神经解剖学变化的发现。这些变化中最显着的变化之一是新的与歌曲相关的神经元的产生和合并。歌曲发育过程中特定细胞类型的神经发生有助于创建和重建用于歌曲产生的运动通路，并提供可能既鼓励又暂时限制学习的突触可塑性。在各种行为和生理特征的发展过程中，存在或抑制特定类型的刺激会产生深远影响的时期。这种“敏感”期在语言习得、性别分化、社会依恋、印记和正常感觉功能的发展中都很明显。大多数神经生物学家都认为，这些敏感期受到特定神经元事件的限制，这些神经元事件对感觉或激素刺激做出反应并塑造神经系统的功能组织。例如，当外侧膝状体神经元的末端分离成皮质眼优势柱1时，曼姆拉视觉系统发育的敏感期发生。在此期间的单眼剥夺通过扰乱两只眼睛输入之间的竞争平衡来破坏这种突触重新排列。这永久地改变了皮质神经元的双眼反应性，将皮质组织划分为眼优势柱，并且与被剥夺的眼睛的功能缺陷相关。同样，对性二态性核的研究
In many species of birds the propensity to learn songs from conspecifics is greatest during one or more distinct periods in life. These'sensitive'learning periods, together with our detailed knowledge of the neural circuitry controlling avian song, have facilitated the discovery of radical neuroanatomical changes that accompany vocal development. One of the most remarkable of these changes is the production and incorporation of new, song-related neurons. The neurogenesis of specific cell types during song development helps create and recreate motor pathways for song production and provides synaptic plasticity that may both encourage and temporally constrain learning.During the development of various behavioral and physiological traits there are periods when presenting or withholding specific types of stimulation has profound consequences. Such'sensitive'periods are evident in language acquisition, sexual differentiation, social attachment, imprinting and the development of normal sensory function. Most neurobiologists agree that these sensitive periods are limited by specific neuronal events that respond to sensory or hormonal stimulation and shape the functional organization of the nervous system. For instance, a sensitive period in the development of the manmlalian visual system occurs when the terminals of lateral geniculate neurons are segregating into cortical ocular dominance columns 1. Monocular deprivation during this time disrupts this synaptic rearrangement by upsetting the competitive balance between input from the two eyes. This permanently changes the binocular responsiveness of cortical neurons, the parcelling of cortical tissue into ocular dominance columns, and is associated with functional deficits in the deprived eye. Similarly, studies of a sexually dimorphic nucleus in