Faking science: scientificness, credibility, and belief in pseudoscience
Faking science: scientificness, credibility, and belief in pseudoscience
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伪造科学：科学性、可信性和对伪科学的信仰
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David J. Therriault
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brian A. Zaboski;David J. Therriault
由于伪科学、科学文盲和假新闻的盛行，科学家们越来越关注没有受过高级科学训练的个人的伪科学信仰。我们招募了85名本科生参与者，他们分别在以下条件下阅读了10篇伪科学文章：apa风格的参考文献、实名、绝对语言、概率语言和对照。我们收集了参与者在每种情况下感知的科学性、可信度和信念的数据，以探索当伪科学文本被伪装成科学时，信念的潜在变化。我们的科学结果显示，添加的参考文献的影响中等（d = 0.64），而认证名称的影响较小（d = 0.29）。可信度的结果与科学性的结果相似，对参考条件的影响很大（d = 0.83），而对认证名称的影响较小，但有意义（d = 0.42）。在任何研究条件之前或之后，对伪科学的信仰都没有改变，这意味着即使伪科学看起来科学可信，信仰也是稳定的。
Abstract Due to the prevalence of pseudoscience, scientific illiteracy, and fake news, scientists are increasingly concerned about pseudoscientific beliefs among individuals without advanced scientific training. We recruited 85 undergraduate participants who read 10 pseudoscientific texts in each of the following conditions: APA-style references, credentialed names, absolute language, probabilistic language, and a control. We collected data on participants’ perceived scientificness, credibility, and belief for each condition to explore potential changes in belief when pseudoscientific texts were disguised as science. Our results for scientificness revealed moderate effects for added references (d = 0.64) and smaller effects for credentialed names (d = 0.29). Results for credibility paralleled those for scientificness, showing a large effect for the reference condition (d = 0.83), and a smaller, though meaningful effect for credentialed names (d = 0.42). Belief in pseudoscience did not change before or after any study condition, implying that beliefs are stable even when pseudoscience appears scientific and credible.