Individual differences in behavioral and subjective responses to alcohol.
Individual differences in behavioral and subjective responses to alcohol.
复制标题
对酒精的行为和主观反应存在个体差异。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01263.x
复制
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johanson,CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
deWit,H;Uhlenhuth,EH;Pierri,J;Johanson,CE
在29名正常志愿者中，使用七次选择程序评估了酒精的强化特性和主观影响。在前四个阶段，受试者分别两次饮用酒精（0.5 g/kg）和安慰剂饮料。在随后的三次选择中，受试者选择了他们喜欢的饮料。他们选择酒精的次数是衡量其强化性能的指标。在所有的会议上，受试者在饮用饮料之前和之后多次完成情绪问卷。实验期间的其他依赖性措施包括认知表现任务，药物喜好和识别问卷，以及酒精测定。还获得了人口统计学和个性数据。大约三分之一的受试者在所有三个选择阶段都选择了含酒精的饮料，三分之一的受试者交替选择酒精和安慰剂，三分之一的受试者始终选择安慰剂。当在三个选择组之间比较酒精的主观影响（在采样期间确定）时，观察到对酒精的反应存在质的差异。例如，酒精增加了一贯选择酒精的人的精力和活力得分，而它降低了一贯选择安慰剂的人在这些指标上的得分。在性别或年龄上，一贯选择酒精的人与选择安慰剂的人没有区别，但他们报告更多的大麻使用和实验室外的酒精使用。他们在某些唤醒和抑郁的测量中，在感觉寻求量表和精神病状态量表上的得分也更高。结果进行了讨论，在个体差异的脆弱性过度使用酒精。
The reinforcing properties and subjective effects of alcohol were assessed in 29 normal volunteers using a seven‐session choice procedure. On the first four sessions, subjects sampled an alcohol (0.5 g/kg) and a placebo beverage twice each. On three subsequent choice sessions, subjects chose the drink they preferred. The number of times they chose alcohol was the measure of its reinforcing properties. On all sessions subjects completed mood questionnaires before and several times after consuming the beverage. Other dependent measures during the experiment included a cognitive performance task, drug liking and identification questionnaires, and breathalyzer alcohol determinations. Demographic and personality data also were obtained. Approximately one‐third of the subjects chose the alcohol‐containing beverage on all three choice sessions, one‐third alternated in their choices of alcohol and placebo, and one‐third consistently chose the placebo. When the subjective effects of alcohol (determined during sampling sessions) were compared across the three choice groups, qualitative differences in response to alcohol were observed. For example, alcohol increased elation and vigor scores in the consistent choosers of alcohol, whereas it decreased scores on these measures in the consistent placebo choosers. Consistent alcohol choosers did not differ from placebo choosers in gender or age but they reported more marijuana use and slightly more alcohol use outside the laboratory. They also scored higher on certain measures of arousal and depression, on the Sensation Seeking Scale and on the Psychopathic State Inventory. The results are discussed in terms of individual differences in vulnerability to excessive use of alcohol.