Protecting habitats in low-intensity tropical farmland using carbon-based payments for ecosystem services
Protecting habitats in low-intensity tropical farmland using carbon-based payments for ecosystem services
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/ac3030
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Robin Davies;Oscar Morton;D. Lawson;John W. Mallord;Luke Nelson;Kwame Boafo;I. Lamb;D. Edwards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robin Davies;Oscar Morton;D. Lawson;John W. Mallord;Luke Nelson;Kwame Boafo;I. Lamb;D. Edwards
为农业扩张而改变热带土地使用是全球生物多样性下降的主要驱动力。阻止这种下降的努力往往集中在保护原始栖息地或退耕还林，但这些方法无法保护依赖低密度农田内栖息地的脆弱类群。我们评估了基于碳的生态系统服务付费（PES）的经济可行性，以保护加纳的农田树木和休耕，这为濒危的非洲-古北候鸟提供了重要的越冬场所，并提高了鸟类的碳储量。我们估计了与保护现有农田树木的替代农业管理方案相关的碳盈亏平衡价格（BEPs）。与现有农田树木保护相关的BEPs非常低，从2.49美元到6.45美元不等。延长和重新引入休耕期也带来了有竞争力的BEPs，当与每公顷50棵树的保护相结合时，BEPs为4.67 - 15.45美元。考虑到泄漏和经济不确定性，BEPs大幅增加，但保护农田树木和延长休耕期的情景仍低于欧盟排放交易计划的价格。保护低密度农田生境和相关生物多样性在基于碳的生态系统服务付费模式下具有成本效益。执行工作应与缩小产量差距的努力相结合，以加强当地的粮食安全和复原力。
Tropical land-use change for agricultural expansion is the primary driver of global biodiversity decline. Efforts to stem this decline often focus on protecting pristine habitats or returning farmland to forest, yet such approaches fail to protect vulnerable taxa reliant on habitats within low-intensity farmland. We assess the economic viability of carbon-based payments for ecosystem services (PES) to protect farmland trees and fallowing in Ghana, which provide vital wintering sites for imperiled Afro-palearctic migrant birds and enhance landscape-level carbon storage. We estimate the carbon breakeven prices (BEPs) associated with alternative agricultural management scenarios that protect existing farmland trees. BEPs associated with tree protection on existing farmland were very low, ranging from US$2.49 to US$6.45 t−1 CO2. Extending and reintroducing fallow periods also carried competitive BEPs, US$4.67—US$15.45 t−1 CO2, when combined with the protection of 50 trees per hectare. Accounting for leakage and economic uncertainty increased BEPs considerably, but scenarios protecting farmland trees and extending fallow periods remained below EU Emissions Trading Scheme prices. Protecting low-intensity farmland habitats and associated biodiversity is cost-effective under carbon-based PES. Implementation should be combined with efforts to close yield gaps, providing greater local food security and resilience.