Caloric and Macronutrient Intake Differ with Circadian Phase and between Lean and Overweight Young Adults
Caloric and Macronutrient Intake Differ with Circadian Phase and between Lean and Overweight Young Adults
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DOI：
10.3390/nu11030587
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发表时间：
2019-03-11
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Klerman, Elizabeth B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McHill, Andrew W.;Czeisler, Charles A.;Klerman, Elizabeth B.
热量摄入的时间是超重和疾病的危险因素。然而，越来越多的证据表明，热量消耗对代谢健康的影响取决于其昼夜节律阶段，而不是时钟时间。本研究的目的是确定在现实世界中，个人如何消耗卡路里和大量营养素相对于昼夜节律阶段。在为期30天的研究中，年轻人（n = 106;年龄19 +/- 1岁; 45名女性）使用智能手机应用程序连续7天记录所有卡路里的时间和含量。昼夜节律时相是从实验室评估昏暗光褪黑激素发作（DLMO）。膳食被分配了一个相对于每个参与者的DLMO的昼夜节律相位（0度，类似于23：17小时），并分成60度的箱。通过生物电阻抗测定瘦（n = 68; 15只雌性）和非瘦（n = 38，30只雌性）身体组成。DLMO时间范围类似于10小时，允许时钟时间和昼夜节律相分离。进食发生在所有昼夜节律阶段，具有显著的昼夜节律性（p < 0.0001），并且在300度（类似于1900 h）时摄入的热量最高。非精益组在晚上昼夜节律阶段（300度）比精益组多吃8%的每日卡路里（p = 0.007）。碳水化合物和蛋白质的消耗遵循昼夜节律模式（p < 0.0001），非瘦参与者在240度（类似于1500小时）时比瘦组多吃13%的碳水化合物（p = 0.004）。当热量摄入与当地时钟时间或睡眠开始时间相关时，差异无统计学意义（p > 0.05）。应测试针对热量和大量营养素的昼夜节律时间进行体重管理的干预措施。
The timing of caloric intake is a risk factor for excess weight and disease. Growing evidence suggests, however, that the impact of caloric consumption on metabolic health depends on its circadian phase, not clock hour. The objective of the current study was to identify how individuals consume calories and macronutrients relative to circadian phase in real-world settings. Young adults (n = 106; aged 19 +/- 1 years; 45 females) photographically recorded the timing and content of all calories for seven consecutive days using a smartphone application during a 30-day study. Circadian phase was determined from in-laboratory assessment of dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). Meals were assigned a circadian phase relative to each participant's DLMO (0 degrees, similar to 23:17 h) and binned into 60 degrees bins. Lean (n = 68; 15 females) and non-lean (n = 38, 30 females) body composition was determined via bioelectrical impedance. The DLMO time range was similar to 10 h, allowing separation of clock time and circadian phase. Eating occurred at all circadian phases, with significant circadian rhythmicity (p < 0.0001) and highest caloric intake at similar to 300 degrees (similar to 1900 h). The non-lean group ate 8% more of their daily calories at an evening circadian phase (300 degrees) than the lean group (p = 0.007). Consumption of carbohydrates and proteins followed circadian patterns (p < 0.0001) and non-lean participants ate 13% more carbohydrates at 240 degrees (similar to 1500 h) than the lean group (p = 0.004). There were no significant differences when caloric intake was referenced to local clock time or sleep onset time (p > 0.05). Interventions targeting the circadian timing of calories and macronutrients for weight management should be tested.