Trends and disparities in socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics, life expectancy, and cause-specific mortality of native-born and foreign-born populations in the United States, 1979-2003
Trends and disparities in socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics, life expectancy, and cause-specific mortality of native-born and foreign-born populations in the United States, 1979-2003
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyl089
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Hiatt, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh, Gopal K.;Hiatt, Robert A.
背景移民在美国人口中所占比例越来越大。2003年，有3350万移民，占美国总人口的12%。尽管移民人数迅速增加，但关于移民的健康和死亡情况如何随时间变化的信息很少。在这项研究中，我们分析了1979年至2003年移民和美国出生的社会和行为特征，预期寿命和死亡率模式的趋势。方法我们使用全国死亡率和人口普查数据（1979-2003年）和1993年和2003年全国健康访谈调查，以检查出生差异随着时间的推移，在健康和社会特征。寿命表，年龄调整后的死亡率，和Logistic回归被用来检查出生differentials.Results在1979年至1981年，移民有2.3年的预期寿命比美国出生（76.2比73.9年）。1999-2001年，这一差距扩大到3.4岁（80.0岁对76.6岁）。随着时间的推移，主要癌症，心血管疾病，糖尿病，呼吸系统疾病，意外伤害和自杀的死亡率的出生差异增加，移民在每个时期的死亡率普遍低于美国出生的人。具体而言，在1999-2001年，移民的肺癌和食道癌、慢性阻塞性肺病、自杀和艾滋病毒/艾滋病死亡率至少低30%，但胃癌和肝癌死亡率至少比美国出生的人高50%。出生差异的死亡率，健康和行为特征变化很大的种族。结论移民人口的种族异质性不断增加，其迁移的选择性和持续的优势，在行为特征可能部分解释了整体扩大移民和美国出生之间的健康差距。
Background Immigrants are a growing segment of the US population. In 2003, there were 33.5 million immigrants, accounting for 12% of the total US population. Despite a rapid increase in their numbers, little information exists as to how immigrants' health and mortality profile has changed over time. In this study, we analysed trends in social and behavioural characteristics, life expectancy, and mortality patterns of immigrants and the US-born from 1979 to 2003.Methods We used national mortality and census data (1979-2003) and 1993 and 2003 National Health Interview Surveys to examine nativity differentials over time in health and social characteristics. Life tables, age-adjusted death rates, and logistic regression were used to examine nativity differentials.Results During 1979-81, immigrants had 2.3 years longer life expectancy than the US-born (76.2 vs 73.9 years). The difference increased to 3.4 years in 1999-2001 (80.0 vs 76.6 years). Nativity differentials in mortality increased over time for major cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, unintentional injuries, and suicide, with immigrants experiencing generally lower mortality than the US-born in each period. Specifically, in 1999-2001, immigrants had at least 30% lower mortality from lung and oesophageal cancer, COPD, suicide, and HIV/AIDS, but at least 50% higher mortality from stomach and liver cancer than the US-born. Nativity differentials in mortality, health, and behavioural characteristics varied substantially by ethnicity.Conclusions Growing ethnic heterogeneity of the immigrant population, and its migration selectivity and continuing advantages in behavioural characteristics may partly explain the overall widening health gaps between immigrants and the US-born.