Proton-modulated interactions of ions with transport sites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic NCX prototypes.

Proton-modulated interactions of ions with transport sites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic NCX prototypes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102476
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发表时间:
2021-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Khananshvili D
Khananshvili D
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Refaeli B;Liu S;Hiller R;Giladi M;Baiz CR;Khananshvili D

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由于质子与调节和运输结构域(“质子块”)的相互作用,胞质 pH 从 7.2 下降至 6.9,导致哺乳动物 Na+/Ca2+ 交换器 (NCX) 90% 失活。值得注意的是,即使在通过调节域排除变构效应之后,哺乳动物和原核 NCX 的 pH 滴定曲线也存在显着差异。这是令人着迷的,因为古菌 NCX_Mj 和哺乳动物 NCX 之间“只有”三个(十二个中的)离子配位残基(T50S、E213D 和 D240N)不同,尽管它们分别含有三个或两个羧酸盐。为了解决 pH 依赖性调节的潜在机制,NCX_Mj 的离子配位残基被突变以模仿哺乳动物 NCX 的离子连接阵列;通过使用离子通量测定和二维红外(2D IR)光谱来测试突变对离子结合/运输的影响。我们的分析表明,NCX 原型中两个去质子化的羧酸酯与三个或两个羧酸酯连接 3Na+ 或 1Ca2+。 NCX_Mj 的 Na+/Ca2+ 交换率在 pH 5.0 时达到饱和,而心脏 NCX1.1 的 Na+/Ca2+ 交换率甚至在碱性 pH 下也逐渐增加。 NCX_Mj 中的 T50S 替代物通过引发碱移“重现”哺乳动物 NCX 的 pH 滴定曲线。尽管标准化 pH 滴定曲线在胰蛋白酶处理和未处理的 NCX1.1 中具有可比性,但调节 CBD 结构域的蛋白水解剃除会激活 NCX1.1。因此,T50S 依赖性碱移为生理 pH 下的“质子阻断”功能设定了动态范围,而 CBD(和其他调节模式)调节转运速率的增量变化,而不影响 pH 依赖性曲线的形状。
The cytosolic pH decline from 7.2 to 6.9 results in 90% inactivation of mammalian Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) due to protons interactions with regulatory and transport domains (“proton block”). Remarkably, the pH titration curves of mammalian and prokaryotic NCXs significantly differ, even after excluding the allosteric effects through regulatory domains. This is fascinating since “only” three (out of twelve) ion-coordinating residues (T50S, E213D, and D240N) differ between the archaeal NCX_Mj and mammalian NCXs although they contain either three or two carboxylates, respectively. To resolve the underlying mechanisms of pH-dependent regulation, the ion-coordinating residues of NCX_Mj were mutated to imitate the ion ligation arrays of mammalian NCXs; the mutational effects were tested on the ion binding/transport by using ion-flux assays and two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. Our analyses revealed that two deprotonated carboxylates ligate 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ in NCX prototypes with three or two carboxylates. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange rates of NCX_Mj reach saturation at pH 5.0, whereas the Na+/Ca2+ exchange rates of the cardiac NCX1.1 gradually increase even at alkaline pHs. The T50S replacement in NCX_Mj "recapitulates" the pH titration curves of mammalian NCX by instigating an alkaline shift. Proteolytic shaving of regulatory CBD domains activates NCX1.1, although the normalized pH-titration curves are comparable in trypsin treated and untreated NCX1.1. Thus, the T50S-dependent alkaline shift sets a dynamic range for "proton block" function at physiological pH, whereas the CBDs (and other regulatory modes) modulate incremental changes in the transport rates rather than affect the shape of pH dependent curves.
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