[Epigenetic aspects in carcinomas of the head and neck].
[Epigenetic aspects in carcinomas of the head and neck].
复制标题
[头颈癌的表观遗传学方面]。
作者：
Schmezer,P;Plass,C
多年来，头颈鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）一直是世界范围内的主要癌症之一。尽管付出了巨大的努力，HNSCC 的 5 年生存率并没有显着改变。为了改善这种情况，有必要了解导致疾病及其进展的基本生物过程。除了 HNSCC 中已知的遗传变化外，分子细胞遗传学研究还确定了染色体获得和丢失的区域，但许多负责的候选基因尚未确定。此外，最近的结果表明表观遗传修饰（例如 DNA 甲基化）在 HNSCC 中的重要性。一些基因，包括肿瘤抑制基因 CDKN2A 和其他候选基因，如 DAPK1、MGMT、TIMP3、TCF21 和 C/EBPα，已被发现含有高甲基化的调控序列，导致表达减少或基因沉默。这些基因的高甲基化不仅可以用作早期检测 HNSCC 的生物标志物，还可以改善预防策略和治疗结果。
For years, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have been among the leading cancers worldwide. Despite considerable efforts, the 5-year survival rate for HNSCC has not changed significantly. To improve this situation, it is necessary to understand the fundamental biological processes leading to the disease and its progression. In addition to known genetic changes in HNSCC, molecular cytogenetic investigations have identified chromosomal regions of gains and losses, but many of the responsible candidate genes have yet to be identified. Furthermore, recent results indicate the importance of epigenetic modifications in HNSCC, such as DNA methylation. Several genes, including the tumor suppressorCDKN2Aand other candidates such asDAPK1,MGMT,TIMP3,TCF21, andC/EBPα, have been found to harbor hypermethylated regulatory sequences that lead to reduced expression or gene silencing. Hypermethylation in such genes could be used not only as biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC but also to improve prevention strategies and therapy outcomes.