The Burden of Rare Cancers in the United States
The Burden of Rare Cancers in the United States
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.21400
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
254.7
通讯作者：
Jemal, Ahmedin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeSantis, Carol E.;Kramer, Joan L.;Jemal, Ahmedin
关于美国罕见癌症负担的公开数据有限。通过使用来自北美中央癌症登记协会和监测、流行病学和最终结果项目的数据，作者提供了美国100多种罕见癌症（定义为每年每10万人中发病率低于6例）的发病率、诊断阶段和生存率的信息。总体而言，美国大约20%的癌症患者被诊断患有罕见的癌症。与非西班牙裔黑人（20%）和非西班牙裔白人（19%）相比，罕见癌症在西班牙裔（24%）和亚洲/太平洋岛民（22%）患者中所占的比例更大。在儿童和青少年中发生的癌症中，超过三分之二（71%）是罕见癌症，而在65岁及以上患者中诊断出的癌症中，这一比例不到20%。在实体肿瘤中，59%的罕见癌症在局部或远处阶段被诊断出来，而普通癌症的这一比例为45%。部分由于这种分期分布，在男性（55%对75%）和女性（60%对74%）中，罕见癌症患者的5年相对生存率都低于诊断为常见癌症的患者。然而，被诊断患有罕见癌症的儿童和青少年的5年相对生存率（82%）明显高于65-79岁的成年人（46%）。需要继续努力制定预防、早期发现和治疗的干预措施，以减轻罕见癌症的负担。这样的发现通常可以促进对所有癌症的认识。(C) 2017美国癌症协会。
There are limited published data on the burden of rare cancers in the United States. By using data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors provide information on incidence rates, stage at diagnosis, and survival for more than 100 rare cancers (defined as an incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100,000 individuals per year) in the United States. Overall, approximately 20% of patients with cancer in the United States are diagnosed with a rare cancer. Rare cancers make up a larger proportion of cancers diagnosed in Hispanic (24%) and Asian/Pacific Islander (22%) patients compared with non-Hispanic blacks (20%) and non-Hispanic whites (19%). More than two-thirds (71%) of cancers occurring in children and adolescents are rare cancers compared with less than 20% of cancers diagnosed in patients aged 65 years and older. Among solid tumors, 59% of rare cancers are diagnosed at regional or distant stages compared with 45% of common cancers. In part because of this stage distribution, 5-year relative survival is poorer for patients with a rare cancer compared with those diagnosed with a common cancer among both males (55% vs 75%) and females (60% vs 74%). However, 5-year relative survival is substantially higher for children and adolescents diagnosed with a rare cancer (82%) than for adults (46% for ages 65-79 years). Continued efforts are needed to develop interventions for prevention, early detection, and treatment to reduce the burden of rare cancers. Such discoveries can often advance knowledge for all cancers. (C) 2017 American Cancer Society.