Parasite spread at the domestic animal - wildlife interface: anthropogenic habitat use, phylogeny and body mass drive risk of cat and dog flea (Ctenocephalides spp.) infestation in wild mammals
Parasite spread at the domestic animal - wildlife interface: anthropogenic habitat use, phylogeny and body mass drive risk of cat and dog flea (Ctenocephalides spp.) infestation in wild mammals
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s13071-017-2564-z
复制
发表时间：
2018-01-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Wells, Konstans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark, Nicholas J.;Seddon, Jennifer M.;Wells, Konstans
背景：寄生虫在家畜与野生动物接触处的溢出是对动物健康的普遍威胁。猫和狗跳蚤（Ctenocephalides felis 和 C. canis）是世界上最具侵入性和经济重要性的体外寄生虫。尽管这两个物种被认为感染了全球多种宿主物种，但对其在野生动物中的分布了解甚少。我们建立了猫和狗跳蚤野生哺乳动物宿主关联的全球数据集，并使用贝叶斯分层模型来识别预测野生动物侵扰概率的特征。我们通过计算功能系统发育宿主特异性来补充这一点，以评估跳蚤是否仅限于具有相似进化历史、饮食或栖息地生态位的宿主。结果：已发现超过 130 种野生动物物种藏有猫蚤，占跳蚤样本的所有哺乳动物物种的近 20%。系统发育模型表明，猫蚤能够通过生态适应感染多种野生哺乳动物物种。那些使用人类栖息地的人面临的风险最高。相比之下，狗蚤已在 31 种哺乳动物中被记录，这些哺乳动物主要局限于某些系统发育分支，包括犬科动物、猫科动物和鼠科动物。据报道，这两种跳蚤通常会侵扰野生哺乳动物（自由漫游的猫和狗）或引入的哺乳动物（红狐、黑鼠和褐鼠），这表明野生动物和入侵宿主物种之间屏障的破坏将增加家畜与野生动物接触面的溢出效应。结论：我们的经验证据表明，猫蚤具有令人难以置信的宿主多面性，可能表现出所有体外寄生虫中最广泛的宿主范围。减少野生物种在自然和人为栖息地与家畜的接触率，以及减轻入侵宿主的影响，对于减少野生哺乳动物的入侵跳蚤侵扰至关重要。
Background: Spillover of parasites at the domestic animal - wildlife interface is a pervasive threat to animal health. Cat and dog fleas (Ctenocephalides felis and C. canis) are among the world's most invasive and economically important ectoparasites. Although both species are presumed to infest a diversity of host species across the globe, knowledge on their distributions in wildlife is poor. We built a global dataset of wild mammal host associations for cat and dog fleas, and used Bayesian hierarchical models to identify traits that predict wildlife infestation probability. We complemented this by calculating functional-phylogenetic host specificity to assess whether fleas are restricted to hosts with similar evolutionary histories, diet or habitat niches.Results: Over 130 wildlife species have been found to harbour cat fleas, representing nearly 20% of all mammal species sampled for fleas. Phylogenetic models indicate cat fleas are capable of infesting a broad diversity of wild mammal species through ecological fitting. Those that use anthropogenic habitats are at highest risk. Dog fleas, by contrast, have been recorded in 31 mammal species that are primarily restricted to certain phylogenetic clades, including canids, felids and murids. Both flea species are commonly reported infesting mammals that are feral (free-roaming cats and dogs) or introduced (red foxes, black rats and brown rats), suggesting the breakdown of barriers between wildlife and invasive reservoir species will increase spillover at the domestic animal - wildlife interface.Conclusions: Our empirical evidence shows that cat fleas are incredibly host-generalist, likely exhibiting a host range that is among the broadest of all ectoparasites. Reducing wild species' contact rates with domestic animals across natural and anthropogenic habitats, together with mitigating impacts of invasive reservoir hosts, will be crucial for reducing invasive flea infestations in wild mammals.