Chemicals associated with biodegradable microplastic drive the toxicity to the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus.
Chemicals associated with biodegradable microplastic drive the toxicity to the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus.
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与可生物降解的微塑料相关的化学物质对淡水寡毛动物 Lumbriculus variegatus 产生毒性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105723
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
J. Oehlmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kristina Klein;Theresa Piana;T. Lauschke;Peter Schweyen;G. Dierkes;T. Ternes;U. Schulte‐Oehlmann;J. Oehlmann
微塑料作为一种复杂的合成污染物，日益受到水生环境的关注。以前的研究检查了MPs的毒性，但很少使用天然颗粒控制，如高岭土。毒性的原因，无论是颗粒的物理结构还是源自MPs的化学成分，很少得到解决。此外，生物降解塑料的生态毒理学评价很少受到重视。为了缩小不规则可生物降解MPs毒性的主要驱动因素，我们对淡水少毛藻进行了一系列为期28天的沉积物毒性试验，并记录了蠕虫数量和干重作为终点。因此，含有几种可生物降解聚合物的MPs要么与沉积物混合，要么在沉积物表面分层，浓度为1 - 8.4%泥沙dw1。高岭土颗粒作为颗粒控制平行评价。此外，在将水浸出液和甲醇提取物混合到沉积物中后，研究了作为MP当量的水浸出液和溶剂处理的可能是纯MPs。我们的研究结果表明，与沉积物混合的MP比分层的MP产生更强的不利影响。高岭土颗粒无不良反应。相比之下，它们在两种应用中都增加了干重。水浸出液的影响与不含MPs的对照相当，而甲醇提取物在最高浓度时影响蠕虫数量，死亡率为100%。与未处理的MP混合到沉积物中相比，溶剂处理的大概是纯MP导致了更多的蠕虫数量。本研究表明，MPs对沉积物的影响。比在沉积物表面分层的MPs更多样。高岭土作为一种天然的、细粒度的颗粒控制物，为蠕虫创造了某种有利的条件。然而，毒性的主要驱动因素被证明是与塑料制品及其先前含量有关的化学物质。
Microplastics (MPs) as complex synthetic pollutants represent a growing concern for the aquatic environment. Previous studies examined the toxicity of MPs, but infrequently used a natural particle control such as kaolin. The cause of toxicity, either the physical structure of the particles or chemical components originating from the MPs, has rarely been resolved. Moreover, the ecotoxicological assessment of biodegradable plastics has received little attention. To narrow down the main driver for toxicity of irregular biodegradable MPs, we conducted a series of 28-days sediment toxicity tests with the freshwater oligochaeteLumbriculus variegatusand recorded the number of worms and dry weight as endpoints. Therefore, MPs containing several biodegradable polymers were either mixed with the sediment or layered on the sediment surface with concentrations from 1 to 8.4% sediment dw-1. Kaolin particles were evaluated in parallel as particle control. Furthermore, aqueous leachates and methanolic extracts as MP equivalents as well as solvent-treated, presumably pure MPs were investigated after mixing them into the sediment. Our results reveal that MP mixed with the sediment induced stronger adverse effects than layered MP. Kaolin particles caused no adverse effects. In contrast, they enhanced dry weight in both applications. The impact of aqueous leachates was comparable to the control without MPs, whereas methanolic extracts affected the worm number at the highest concentration with 100% mortality. Solvent-treated, presumably pure MP resulted in mostly higher worm numbers when compared to untreated MPs mixed into the sediment. This study demonstrates that MPs mixed into the sediment affectL. variegatusmore than MPs that are layered on the sediment surface. Kaolin as a natural, fine-sized particle control created somewhat favorable conditions for the worm. The main driver for toxicity, however, proved to be chemicals associated with the plastic product and its previous content.