Size-dependent changes in wood chemical traits: a comparison of neotropical saplings and large trees
Size-dependent changes in wood chemical traits: a comparison of neotropical saplings and large trees
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DOI：
10.1093/aobpla/plt039
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发表时间：
2013-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Zhao Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin AR;Thomas SC;Zhao Y
我们对树木木材化学的差异如何影响木制品的耐用性有着基本和应用的理解。相比之下，对木材化学物种差异的生态原因和后果知之甚少;更少的是知道木材化学如何或为什么在物种内不同，在不同大小的树木。在这项研究中，我们发现强烈的和一致的差异，木材化学的树苗和树冠树木，在几个热带硬木树种。这些差异表明病原体和树木生物力学作为木材化学中尺寸依赖性变化的进化原因的重要性。木材解剖学性状是树种生活史对策的重要相关因子，但木材化学性状的研究却很少。此外，木材化学性状的大小依赖性变化很少被研究，虽然这些变化可能代表树木个体发育的一个重要方面。由于对病原体抗性和生物力学稳定性的选择，我们预测，与同种大树相比，树苗将表现出更高的木质素（L）和木材碳（Cconv），以及更低的综纤维素（H）浓度。为了测试这些期望，我们量化了H，L和Cconv共同发生的巴拿马树种在大树与树苗大小类。我们还研究了间和种内模式，使用多变量和系统发育分析。16个树种中有15个树种的幼树L浓度高于同种大树，16个树种的幼树H浓度均低于同种大树。在24个树种中，有16个树种的Cconv在幼树中高于同种大树。所有的大树性状无关的树苗值和四个生活史变量无关。木材化学性状没有表现出系统发育的信号，在树苗，而不是显示出类似的值在远亲类群，在大树，只有H表现出显着的系统发育信号。木材化学的尺寸依赖性变化表现出一致的和可预测的模式，这表明木材化学性状的个体发生变化是树木功能生物学的一个重要方面。我们的研究结果是一致的假设，即在早期个体发育阶段，树木被选择为更大的L防御纤维素腐烂的病原体，或可能赋予生物力学稳定性。
We have a fundamental and applied understanding of how differences in the wood chemistry of trees affects the durability of wood products. By comparison, relatively little is known about the ecological causes and consequences of species differences in wood chemistry; even less is known about how or why wood chemistry differs within species, across trees of different sizes. In this study we find strong and consistent differences in wood chemistry of saplings and canopy trees, in several tropical hardwood species. These differences point to the importance of pathogens and tree biomechanics as evolutionary causes of size-dependent changes in wood chemistry. Wood anatomical traits are important correlates of life-history strategies among tree species, yet little is known about wood chemical traits. Additionally, size-dependent changes in wood chemical traits have been rarely examined, although these changes may represent an important aspect of tree ontogeny. Owing to selection for pathogen resistance and biomechanical stability, we predicted that saplings would show higher lignin (L) and wood carbon (Cconv), and lower holocellulose (H) concentrations, compared with conspecific large trees. To test these expectations, we quantified H, L and Cconv in co-occurring Panamanian tree species at the large tree vs. sapling size classes. We also examined inter- and intraspecific patterns using multivariate and phylogenetic analyses. In 15 of 16 species, sapling L concentration was higher than that in conspecific large trees, and in all 16 species, sapling H was lower than that in conspecific large trees. In 16 of 24 species, Cconv was higher in saplings than conspecific large trees. All large-tree traits were unrelated to sapling values and were unrelated to four life-history variables. Wood chemical traits did not show a phylogenetic signal in saplings, instead showing similar values across distantly related taxa; in large trees, only H showed a significant phylogenetic signal. Size-dependent changes in wood chemistry show consistent and predictable patterns, suggesting that ontogenetic changes in wood chemical traits are an important aspect of tree functional biology. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that at early ontogenetic stages, trees are selected for greater L to defend against cellulose-decaying pathogens, or possibly to confer biomechanical stability.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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